The role of the parathyroid gland The parathyroid gland The main organs on which PTH acts are bones and kidneys, where it promotes bone resorption and calcium reabsorption from the kidneys. It also increases the production of active vitamin D in the kidneys. As a result, the increased active vitamin D increases calcium absorption from the intestinal tract, so PTH works in cooperation with active vitamin D to increase blood calcium levels. Regulatory mechanism of PTH secretion and its abnormalities The main factor that regulates the production and secretion of PTH is calcium itself. When the calcium concentration in the blood increases, the secretion of PTH is suppressed and stopped. Conversely, when the patient has hypocalcemia, the secretion of PTH increases, raising the calcium concentration. This mechanism is called feedback. When the parathyroid glands are normal, this mechanism is always working, so calcium levels are kept within the normal range. Parathyroid Imaging Since normal parathyroid glands are small organs with a diameter of less than a few millimeters, they usually cannot be seen on ultrasound or CT scans, but more than 80% of adenomas in primary hyperparathyroidism can be detected. However, if the lower two of the four parathyroid glands are enlarged, they may sink further down. Thus, a combination of tests is often necessary to detect enlarged parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism. "> Figure 2 Location of the parathyroid glands Source: Houken “Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia” Information about the Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia |
副甲状腺の役割 副甲状腺は PTHが作用する主な臓器は骨と腎臓で、骨吸収および腎臓からのカルシウム再吸収を促進します。また、活性型ビタミンDの腎臓での産生を高めます。その結果、増えた活性型ビタミンDは腸管からのカルシウム吸収を高めるので、PTHは、活性型ビタミンDと協調して血中カルシウム濃度を上昇させます。 PTH分泌の調節機構とその異常 PTHの産生・分泌を調節する主要な因子はカルシウム自身です。血中のカルシウム濃度が高まるとPTHの分泌は抑えられ、歯止めがかかります。逆に低カルシウム血症になるとPTH分泌は高まり、カルシウム濃度を上昇させます。このような仕組みを、フィードバックと呼びます。 副甲状腺が正常な場合は必ずこの機構メカニズムがはたらくため、カルシウム濃度が正常範囲に保たれています。しかし副甲状腺の 副甲状腺の画像診断 正常な副甲状腺は径が数㎜以下の小さな臓器であるため、通常、超音波やCTなどでは見えませんが、原発性副甲状腺機能亢進症の腺腫は80%以上が検出されます。 しかし、4つの副甲状腺のうち下の2腺が腫大した場合には、さらに下のほうに落ち込んで このように、原発性副甲状腺機能亢進症で腫大した副甲状腺を見つけるには、複数の検査を組み合わせることがしばしば必要になります。 "> 図2 副甲状腺の位置 出典 法研「六訂版 家庭医学大全科」六訂版 家庭医学大全科について 情報 |
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