Sacred object - Shintai

Japanese: 神体 - しんたい
Sacred object - Shintai

It is an object in which a divine spirit resides, and is worshipped as the god itself, the true form of the god. It is also called a mitamashiro (sacred spirit substitute), a mishotai (true form of a god), or a mitama-no-mikata (spirit form). Inviting a divine spirit to a sacred tree, a rock boundary, or an iwakura (rock altar), and using it as an object of worship for rituals, appears in the classics, and is recognized as a ritual site. In addition, sacred mountains are worshiped as sacred mountains, and special waterfalls and springs are used as objects of ritual. Although all of these are natural objects, worshippers consider them to be divine bodies. The divine bodies in shrines are often mirrors. There are also sculptures and paintings of divine figures, as well as jewels and stones. There are also bows, arrows, swords, and spears, which are called weapons, but are a type of ritual implement. In some cases, statues of Buddhas, bodhisattvas, and monks are used as divine bodies. This is based on the idea of ​​honji suijaku, and in many cases, the deity is the honji buddha of the enshrined deity. In special cases, there are shrines that use kama (pot), pillows, bells, and shaku (pendants). There are also cases where the name of the deity is written on a wooden tablet and used as the deity. After the Shinbutsu Bunri Edict of 1868 (Keio 4), the number of shrines that use gohei (sacred wands) as the deity increased. Generally, shrines today use gohei as the deity. As mentioned above, there are various deities, but the most representative is a mirror, which is called goseitai (goshotai). There are also excellent pieces with Shinto-style images, Buddha, bodhisattva, and gongen figures carved into the mirror surface. The container that holds the deity is called hishiro or shirushi no hako, and the container in which the hishiro is placed is called funashiro (shipping vessel).

[Ken Mitsuhashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

神霊の宿る物体のことで、それは神そのもの、神の本体として礼拝の対象物となる。御霊代(みたましろ)、御正体(みしょうたい)、霊御形(みたまのみかた)ともいう。神籬(ひもろぎ)、磐境(いわさか)、磐座(いわくら)に神霊を招き、それを礼拝の対象物として祭祀(さいし)を行うことは、古典にもみえ、祭祀遺跡としても認められる。また、聖なる山を神体山と称して礼拝したり、特別な滝や泉を祭祀の対象となしている。これらはいずれも自然物であるが、礼拝者にとっては神体とみなされる。社殿内の神体は、鏡が多い。神像彫刻や神像画、あるいは玉や石もある。そのほか弓、矢、剣(つるぎ)、矛(ほこ)などがあり、これらは兵器といわれるが、祭祀具の一種である。仏・菩薩(ぼさつ)や沙門(しゃもん)像を神体とした場合もある。これは本地垂迹(ほんじすいじゃく)思想によるもので、多くは祭神の本地仏である。特殊な例では釜(かま)や枕(まくら)、鈴、笏(しゃく)などを神体としている神社もある。また、木札に神名を記して神体とする場合もある。1868年(慶応4)の神仏分離令以後は、御幣(ごへい)を神体とする神社が増えた。一般に現在の神社は御幣を神体としている。このように、さまざまな神体があるが、とりわけ鏡は代表的で、一名御正体とよばれる。鏡面に神道(しんとう)的な図像や仏・菩薩像や権現(ごんげん)像などを毛彫りにした優品もある。なお、神体を納める容器を樋代(ひしろ)ないし璽筥(しるしのはこ)と称し、樋代を安置するものを船代(ふなしろ)という。

[三橋 健]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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