This refers to the atomic groups in a molecule that tend to form bonds (hydrogen bonds) with water molecules. Many of them tend to become ions, meaning they are highly polar atomic groups and contain so-called active hydrogen atoms. Groups that contain atoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur are generally hydrophilic groups, and their affinity for water is significantly different from that of hydrophobic groups such as hydrocarbon fragments. Surfactants contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups, and HLB indicates the balance of their forces. [Yamazaki Akira] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
分子の中にある原子団のうち、水分子との間に結合(水素結合)をつくりやすいものをいう。多くはイオンになりやすいもの、つまり極性の著しい原子団であり、いわゆる活性水素原子を含む。酸素、窒素、硫黄(いおう)などの原子を含む基はおおむね親水基であり、炭化水素のかけらのような疎水基とは、水との親和性が大幅に異なる。界面活性剤は疎水基と親水基の両方を含むが、その力のバランスを示すのがHLBである。 [山崎 昶] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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