In theory, it refers to the Cambridge School, which inherited classical economics from Marshall of Cambridge University and his successor Pigou, but nowadays it often refers to the general equilibrium theory trend after Walras. These economics defended free markets through analysis of the market behavior of individual economic agents. The idea that free markets bring about rational allocation of resources temporarily faded with the emergence of Keynesian economics, but since the 1970s it has been revived with many supporters. This trend is often called neo-neoclassical economics. In macroeconomics, the position called the neoclassical synthesis, which holds that "Keynesian economics, which assumes downward rigidity of the money wage rate, is valid until full employment is reached, but once full employment is reached, the free price mechanism of neoclassical economics is valid," is considered to be the standard school of economic policy. (Akiyoshi Arakawa, Assistant Professor, Kyushu University / 2007) Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo |
学説的には、ケンブリッジ大学のマーシャル、これを継ぐピグーら古典派経済学を継承するケンブリッジ学派を指すが、現在ではワルラス以降の一般均衡理論の流れを指すことが多い。これらの経済学は個々の経済主体の市場行動の分析を通じて、自由な市場を擁護した。自由な市場が資源の合理的配分をもたらすという考えは、ケインズ経済学の登場によって一時下火になったが、1970年代以降、多くの支持者を得て復活した。この流れを新新古典派経済学ということも多い。マクロ経済学においても、「完全雇用水準に達するまでは貨幣賃金率の下方硬直性を仮定するケインズ経済学が妥当するが、完全雇用水準に達したならば新古典派経済学の自由な価格メカニズムが妥当する」という新古典派総合と呼ばれる立場が、経済政策の標準的学派とされている。
(荒川章義 九州大学助教授 / 2007年) 出典 (株)朝日新聞出版発行「知恵蔵」知恵蔵について 情報 |
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