Neoclassicism

Japanese: 新古典主義 - しんこてんしゅぎ

(1) In architecture, this refers to a trend of thought that flourished in Europe from the late 18th century to the 19th century. With the backdrop of archaeological discoveries such as those at Pompeii and the Enlightenment, works were created that were modeled on classical antiquity, especially ancient Greece. Piranesi's prints were also a major influence. In terms of form, geometric and abstract shapes that were devoid of decoration, such as pyramids, cubes, and spheres, were favored. Representative architects include Ledoux and Boulet in France, and Soane in England, and their works are also called ``revolutionary architecture.'' (2) In art, this refers to the style that existed from around 1760 to the early 19th century. As in architecture, there was a strong interest in antiquity and a reaction against the decorative tastes of the Rococo, leading to a preference for a strict and clear style based on the study of ancient sculpture. Theoretically, it was strongly influenced by Winckelmann's aesthetics of ``ideal beauty.'' Representative figures in painting were David and Ingres in France, and in sculpture, Canova. In France, it was linked to Academism and became the aesthetics of the Salon School. (3) In music, in a broad sense it refers to the style from World War I to World War II, and in a narrow sense it refers to Stravinsky and the French Six during this period. It is characterized by clarity of melody and form, as opposed to the excessive emotionality of late Romanticism and the vague sound of Impressionism. It can be broadly divided into a tendency to look to the past as a model, such as the use of Baroque music forms, and a tendency to seek a new order, as represented by Schoenberg's twelve-tone music.
Related topics Adam (brothers) | Empire style | Gros | Parliament | Colonial style | Shadow | Girodet-Trioson | Schinkel | Soufflot | Thorvaldsen | Batoni | Pantheon | Fontaine | Prud'hon | Bremont | Pope | Mengs | Moratin | Reigner | Romanticism

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

（１）建築では18世紀後半から19世紀にかけてヨーロッパで盛んとなった思潮をいう。ポンペイ遺跡などの考古学的発見と啓蒙思想を背景として，古典古代とりわけ古代ギリシアを規範とした作品が生み出された。ピラネージの版画の影響も大きい。形態的にはピラミッド，立方体，球体など装飾を排した幾何学的・抽象的な造形が好まれた。代表的な建築家にフランスのルドゥー，ブレ，英国のソーンらがおり，彼らの作品は〈大革命建築〉とも呼ばれる。（２）美術において1760年ころから19世紀初頭にかけての様式をさす。建築同様古代への強い関心と，ロココの装飾趣味への反動から，古代彫刻の研究に基づいた厳しく明晰な様式が好まれた。理論的にはウィンケルマンの〈理想美〉の美学の影響が強い。絵画ではフランスのダビッド，アングル，彫刻ではカノーバらが代表的存在。フランスではアカデミズムと結びつき，サロン派の美学となった。（３）音楽で，広義には第１次大戦〜第２次大戦間の形式をいい，狭義にはこの時期のストラビンスキーやフランスの六人組をさす。後期ロマン派の過剰な感情性，印象主義の曖昧な響きに対する，旋律や形式の明晰さが特徴。バロック音楽形式の援用など過去に範を求める傾向と，シェーンベルクの十二音音楽に代表される，新たな秩序を求める傾向に大別される。
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