Garbage Collection - Jinkaishu

This is the provincial law of the Date clan during the Sengoku period. It is also called the "Date clan Goseibai Shikimoku." It was enacted and promulgated in 1536 (Tenbun 5) by Date Tanemune, lord of Koori Castle (Koori Town, Fukushima Prefecture), Date County, and guardian of Mutsu Province. In its completed form, it contained 171 articles, making it one of the largest provincial laws among the feudal lords of the Sengoku period. The wording of the colophon and other aspects of the format are strongly influenced by the Kamakura Shogunate's Goseibai Shikimoku (Joei Shikimoku), but the content of the provisions shows that it was enacted in accordance with the actual situation in the Date domain. It is also characterized by a strong tendency toward party-based justice, with many provisions related to criminal offenses. The code's provisions permitting private revenge and a considerable degree of sanctions by lords show the relative strength of the land lordship's authority in the Date domain at the time, and the clauses on farmers show the Date clan's stance of trying to suppress the peasants by siding with the land lords. With the publication of this code as a turning point, the Date clan is thought to have absorbed and concentrated a large amount of judicial and punitive power among the land lords within their domains, and succeeded in establishing their power as a Sengoku daimyo. Included in "Collection of Historical Materials on Medieval Legal System, Volume 3" and "Medieval Political and Social Thought, Vol. 1" (Nihon Shiso Taikei 21), etc.

[Seiji Kobayashi]

"Research on the Date Family's Trash Collection" by Hiroshi Kobayashi (1970, Sobunsha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

戦国期、伊達(だて)氏の分国法。『伊達氏御成敗式目(ごせいばいしきもく)』ともよばれる。1536年（天文5）陸奥国(むつのくに)守護伊達郡桑折(こおり)城（福島県桑折町）城主伊達稙宗(たねむね)の制定公布で、完成した形では171条に及び、戦国大名諸家の分国法のなかで最大級。奥書の文言をはじめ、形式としては鎌倉幕府の『御成敗式目』（貞永(じょうえい)式目）の影響を強く受けているが、その条文の内容によれば、伊達領国の実状に即して制定されたことが知られる。刑事関係規定が多くを占め、当事者主義的傾向が濃厚なことも特色とされる。私的復讐(ふくしゅう)、主人の制裁権を相当程度まで許容するなど、当時の伊達領国における地頭(じとう)領主権の相対的な強さをうかがわせ、また農民に関する条項には、地頭領主の側にたって農民を抑えようとする伊達氏の姿勢が示されている。この法典の公布を契機に、伊達氏は領国内の地頭領主層の裁判権・刑罰権を大幅に吸収集中して、戦国大名としての権力の樹立に成功したとみられる。『中世法制史料集　第3巻』、『中世政治社会思想　上』（日本思想大系21）などに所収。

［小林清治］

『小林宏著『伊達家塵芥集の研究』（1970・創文社）』

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