Shin

Japanese: 晋 - しん

(1) A princely state in the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period of China. Its territory extended from most of Shanxi to the northern part of Henan. In the second half of the 7th century BCE during the Spring and Autumn Period, under Duke Wen, it became the ruler. For the next 100 years, it exerted its influence in the Central Plains while at odds with Chu in the south. Eventually, the power of its powerful officials grew, and in 453 BCE, its territory was divided into three states: Han, Wei, and Zhao. This marked the beginning of the Warring States Period, and in 403 BCE, the three states were recognized as feudal lords by the Zhou royal family. This was also called the Three Jins. In 376 BCE, the royal family of Jin was destroyed. (2) A unified dynasty that succeeded Wei during the Three Kingdoms Period of China. It was also called the Western Jin or Sima Jin. Its foundation was laid by Sima Yi, who held power as a powerful official of Wei, a position that was passed on to his sons Shi and Zhao. Zhao destroyed Shu and became King of Jin in 263, and his son Yan (Emperor Wu) established a new dynasty in place of Wei in 265. In 280, he destroyed Wu and unified the world, but in the 4th century, the Five Barbarians began to invade, and in 311, he was destroyed by Liu Yao (Han) of the Xiongnu during the Yongjia Rebellion. (3) One of the Southern Dynasties in China. Also called the Eastern Jin. Sima Rui, who was in Jianye (Nanjing) at the time of the Yongjia Rebellion, became emperor in 317 and restored the Jin dynasty. Many of the noble families from the north also moved to Jiangnan. In 347, he united Shu, and in 383, he defeated Fu Jian in the Battle of the Hisui River and prevented Fu Jian's advance south. However, the power of the military commanders grew stronger, and in 420, the country was taken over by General Liu Yu (Emperor Wu of Song). (4) One of the Five Dynasties in China. Also called Later Jin. Founded in 936 by Shi Jing (Emperor Gaozu) of Turkic descent with the assistance of the Khitan. After destroying the Later Tang, he subjugated the Central Plains and made Benjing (Kaifeng) his capital. However, at the time of founding the state, he became a vassal of the Khitan and ceded the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun. His son, Emperor Shu, rebelled against the Khitan and was attacked by them, leading to his downfall in 946. Emperor Shu was captured and sent north to be imprisoned until his death.
→ Related items Han (China) | Wei | Wei, Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties period | Wu | Jiangnan | Three Kingdoms period (China) | Qin | Chu | Great Xia | Zhao |

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

（１）中国，春秋戦国時代の侯国。山西の大半から河南の北部を領域とした。春秋時代の前７世紀後半，文公のとき覇者となる。以来100年にわたり南方の楚と対立しつつ中原に勢いを振るった。やがて権臣の力が強まり，前453年その領域は韓・魏・趙の３家に分割された。これが戦国時代の始まりであり，３家は前403年，周の王室から諸侯として認められた。これを三晋ともいう。前376年晋の公室は滅ぼされた。（２）中国，三国時代の魏を継いだ統一王朝。西晋，司馬晋ともいう。その基礎を築いたのは司馬懿(しばい)で，魏の権臣として政権を握り，それは子の師および昭に受け継がれた。昭は蜀を滅ぼして263年晋王となり，その子の炎（武帝）は265年魏に代わって新王朝を開いた。280年呉を滅ぼして天下を統一したが，４世紀には五胡の侵入が始まり，311年永嘉の乱によって匈奴(きょうど)の劉曜（漢）に滅ぼされた。（３）中国，南朝の一つ。東晋ともいう。永嘉の乱のとき建業（南京）にいた司馬睿(えい)は317年帝位につき，晋朝を再興。北方の名族の多くも江南に移った。347年蜀を合わせ，383年【ひ】水(ひすい)の戦に苻堅(ふけん)を破ってその南進をはばんだ。しかし武将たちの権力が強くなり，420年将軍劉裕（宋の武帝）に国を奪われた。（４）中国，五代の一つ。後晋ともいう。トルコ系の石敬【とう】(せきけいとう)（高祖）が契丹(きったん)の援助を得て936年建国。後唐を滅ぼして中原を収め，【べん】京(べんけい)（開封）に都した。ただし建国にあたって契丹に臣属し，燕雲十六州を割譲した。子の出帝は，契丹に反抗してその攻撃を受け，946年に滅ぼされた。出帝は捕らえられ，北送されて死ぬまで幽囚。
→関連項目韓（中国）｜魏｜魏晋南北朝時代｜呉｜江南｜三国時代（中国）｜秦｜楚｜大夏｜趙｜臺與｜南北朝｜覇者｜六朝文化

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