A general term for plants grown for the purpose of feeding livestock. This includes grasses that are stored as fresh grass, hay, or silage (juicy feed crops chopped and packed in silos for lactic acid fermentation) and fed to livestock, but also grains and potatoes grown for feed are treated as feed crops. The best example is corn; sweet corn is a type grown for human consumption, but there are also dent corn and green-cut varieties (the stems and leaves of cultivated crops are cut and fed to livestock as fresh grass), which are grown primarily for feed, and these are considered feed crops. The majority of forage crops are grasses whose stems and leaves are used as feed, and the qualities they must meet are that they are highly nutritious as fresh grass, can withstand trampling, have high regenerative and productive powers, are palatable to livestock, are easy to make into hay, and are non-toxic. They should also be easy to change crops, have a wide range of adaptability to environmental conditions such as soil and weather, be suitable for mixed sowing of grasses and legumes, be perennial, and have excellent resistance to cold, drought, heat, diseases and insects, be easy to collect seeds, and have seeds that do not lose their germination ability over the long term. The main forage crops are corn, oats, orchard grass, and Italian ryegrass from the grass family, and red clover, white clover, alfalfa, and vetches from the legume family. Other forage crops include turnips, beets, and pumpkins. [Mitsuo Yamamoto] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
家畜の飼料にする目的で栽培される植物の総称。生草、乾草またはサイレージ(多汁質の飼料作物を刻んでサイロなどに詰め乳酸発酵させたもの)として貯蔵して給与する牧草類はもちろんであるが、穀物やいも類なども飼料用に栽培する場合は飼料作物として取り扱われる。もっともよい例はトウモロコシで、スイートコーンは人間の食糧を目的とした種類であるが、主として飼料用に栽培されるものにデントコーンや青刈り用(栽培作物の茎葉を刈り取って生草のまま家畜に給与するもの)の種類があり、これらは飼料作物ということになる。 飼料作物のうち主体をなすのは茎葉を飼料とする牧草類の仲間で、それらの具備すべき条件は、生草として栄養価が高く、踏圧に耐え、再生力、生産力が大きく、家畜の嗜好(しこう)性にあい、乾草にしやすく、しかも無毒であることなどである。また作付けの転換が容易で、土壌、気象等の諸環境条件に適応性が広く、イネ科植物、マメ科植物の混合播種(はしゅ)にも適し、多年生で、耐寒、耐干、耐暑、耐病虫性に優れ、採種が容易で、種子の発芽力も長期にわたり低下しないことが望ましい。 おもな飼料作物は、イネ科では、トウモロコシ、エンバク、オーチャードグラス、イタリアンライグラス、マメ科ではアカクローバー、シロクローバー、アルファルファ、ベッチ類などである。そのほかにも飼料用のカブ、ビート、カボチャなどがある。 [山本三夫] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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