Born September 14, 1879 in Corning, New York. Died September 6, 1966. Tucson, Arizona. An American birth control advocate known worldwide as Mrs. Sanger. Initially working as a nurse in the East Side of New York, she witnessed the coexistence of poverty, high birth rates, and high maternal and child mortality rates, which led her to become convinced of the need for birth control. In 1914, she started a magazine and distributed family planning pamphlets. In 1916, she opened America's first birth control clinic in Brooklyn, but was arrested for disturbing the peace and order and served 30 days of hard labor in a reformatory. In 1929, the Sanger Birth Control Clinic was searched and its documents confiscated. However, the number of doctors, social workers, and other supporters increased, and the lawsuit was dismissed. In 1936, the 1873 Debauchery Act, which made the use of contraceptive literature and devices a crime of debauchery, was amended to recognize that it was a doctor's legitimate right to prescribe contraception to save a patient's life and maintain their health. In 1921, he founded the American Birth Control League and served as its president until 1928. In 1927, he held the first World Population Congress in Switzerland, and in 1953, the International Birth Control League was also organized and he became its first president. He campaigned all over the world, and frequently visited Japan and India in particular. Sanger |
[生]1879.9.14. ニューヨーク,コーニング [没]1966.9.6. アリゾナ,トゥーソン サンガー夫人として世界的に知られるアメリカ合衆国の産児制限指導者。初め看護師としてニューヨークの貧民街イーストサイドに勤めるうち,貧困,多産,母子の高い死亡率が共存するのを見て,産児制限の必要性を確信するようになった。 1914年雑誌を創刊し,家族計画のパンフレットを配布した。 1916年ブルックリンに全米最初の産児制限診療所を開いたが,公安秩序の妨害で逮捕され,感化院で 30日間の労役に服し,また 1929年にもサンガー産児制限診療所が家宅捜査され,書類を押収された。しかし医師やソーシャルワーカーなど支援者が増え,訴訟は却下になった。 1936年には,避妊の文書や器具の使用を風俗壊乱罪にしていた 1873年の風俗壊乱防止法が改正され,患者の生命を救い,健康を保持するために避妊を指示することは,医師の正当な権利であると認められた。 1921年アメリカ産児制限連盟を創始し,1928年まで会長を務めた。 1927年スイスで第1回世界人口会議を開催,1953年には国際産児制限連盟も組織され,初代会長になった。世界各地を遊説し,特に日本やインドをたびたび訪れている。 サンガー
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