F1 - F1

Japanese: Ｆ₁ - えふいち

…The first generation produced by mating two organisms with different genetic qualities is called the first filial generation, and is abbreviated as _F1 , but F1 hybrid is a special term for _F1 . This term is used because of its high agricultural value. The phenomenon in which a hybrid shows greater growth than its parents is called hybrid vigor, and this hybrid vigor is more effective when the parents are quite distantly related. Hybrid vigor is also strong in the mating of organisms that are close to pure lineages. In single mating (one-time mating), the effect of _F1 is particularly high, so the F1 hybrid method of seed production is often used in agriculture. …

From [Hybrid vigor]

…Heterosis is also known as heterosis. When species or varieties of living organisms are crossed, the resulting hybrid often has a stronger constitution and better growth than either of the parents. This phenomenon is called hybrid vigor, and is often used to improve crop and livestock breeds. It was first discovered in corn, and was then observed in animals such as guinea pigs. On the other hand, when allogamous crops (such as corn), which normally reproduce by fertilization between different individuals, are forced to self-fertilize (fertilize within the same individual) or when inbreeding is repeated, the growth of the offspring (progeny) often becomes gradually poorer. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "F1" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…生物で遺伝質の違う2個体の交配(かけ合せ)によってできる第1代目を雑種第1代first filial generationといい，記号をF₁で示すが，一代雑種はこのF₁の特別ないい方である。農業上利用価値が高いのでこのいい方が用いられている。雑種が両親よりも旺盛な生育を示す現象を雑種強勢というが，この雑種強勢は両親がかなり遠縁のとき効果が高い。また純系に近い生物間の交配でも雑種強勢が強くでる。単交配(1回だけの交配)ではF₁での効果がきわだって高いので，農業面で一代雑種という採種法がよくとられている。…

【雑種強勢】より

…ヘテローシスheterosisともいう。生物の種間または品種間の交雑を行うと，その一代雑種はしばしば両親のいずれよりも体質が強健で発育がよいという現象がみられる。これを雑種強勢といい，農作物，家畜の品種改良にしばしば利用される。最初トウモロコシで発見され，ついで動物でもモルモットで認められた。　一方，異なった個体間の受精によって繁殖することを常態とする他殖性作物(トウモロコシなど)を，強制的に自殖(同一個体内で受精させる)させたり，近親間の交配を繰り返したりすると，子孫(後代)の生育がしだいに劣ってくる例が多い。…

※「Ｆ₁」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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