Occupational insurance/community insurance

Japanese: 職域保険･地域保険 - しょくいきほけんちいきほけん

There are two types of insurance: insurance groups organized by workplace, and insurance groups organized by region. The question of which to adopt is particularly problematic for social insurance, which people are forced to join. In general, with occupational insurance, it is easy to obtain contributions from employers, it is easy to grasp an individual's income, and it is easy to guarantee high benefits according to income. However, it is difficult to apply to all citizens, which can lead to disparities in benefits and it lacks minimum guarantees. Regional insurance, on the other hand, is suitable for guaranteeing equal minimum benefits to all citizens because it treats each person by their place of residence, so there are no gaps in coverage. However, it is difficult to obtain insurance premiums, as it is difficult to obtain contributions from employers, and it is generally highly dependent on public funds.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

保険には被保険者を職場単位でとらえて保険集団を組織する方式と地域単位で組織する方式とがある。とくに人々を強制的に加入させる社会保険ではいずれを採用するかが問題となる。一般に職域保険は，雇主による拠出が得やすく，本人の所得も把握しやすく，所得に応じた高い給付を保障しやすい反面，全国民への適用が困難で給付に格差が生まれるなど，最低限度の保障に欠ける面もある。また地域保険は，各人を居住地でとらえるため適用もれがなく，すべての国民に最低限度の給付を平等に保障するには適しているが，雇主負担が得にくいなど保険料の調達は容易でなく，公費への依存度が高いのが一般である。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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