Antigonid dynasty

This royal line formed the Kingdom of Macedonia during the Hellenistic period. It was born out of the struggle for supremacy between the Diadochi (surviving generals) after the death of Alexander the Great, and ended its 140-year fate of seven generations when it was destroyed by Rome in 168 BC. Antigonus (I) "One-Eyed" (Monophthalmos), satrap (governor) of the Great Phrygia, was given command of Asia by the imperial regent Antipater in 321 BC, and he intervened in the Diadochi Wars by defeating Eumenes. In the midst of this struggle, he and his son Demetrius (I) claimed the throne of Macedonia in 306 BC, beating out other competitors. However, they were defeated in the Battle of Ipsus (301 BC), and their sovereignty, which they had once regained, was lost when Demetrius was defeated and taken prisoner (301 BC), and the true founding of the dynasty was left to the next Antigonus II. The most active king of the dynasty was the sixth king, Philip V (reigned 221-179 BC), who expanded his sphere of influence, but intensified friction with Rome. His son, the seventh king, Perseus, was defeated at Pydna (168 BC) and taken to Rome, and the Macedonian kingdom was destroyed. The Hellenistic countries were generally under the rule of the natives, but this kingdom was an exception, with a traditional patriarchal kingship and a military council comparable to the people's assembly, and no monarchical worship at all.

[Yoshiki Kanazawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ヘレニズム時代のマケドニア王国を形成した王統。アレクサンドロス大王没後のディアドコイ（遺将）争覇のなかから生まれ、紀元前168年ローマに滅ぼされて7代約140年の命運を終わった。大フリギア州のサトラップ（総督）だった「隻眼(モノフタルモス)」アンティゴノス（1世）は、前321年帝国摂政アンティパトロスからアジアの総指揮権を与えられてエウメネス討伐とともにディアドコイ戦争に介入、その角逐のなかで前306年息子デメトリオス（1世）とともに、他の競争者たちに抜けがけのマケドニア後継王位を号した。しかしイプソスの戦いで敗れ（前301）、その後いったん回復した主権も、デメトリオスがまた敗れて捕虜になった（前301）ために失われて、真の王朝開基は次のアンティゴノス2世にまつことになった。同朝のもっとも活発な王は第6代フィリッポス5世（在位前221～前179）で、勢力圏も拡大したが、ローマとの軋轢(あつれき)を激化させた。その子第7代のペルセウスはピドナで敗れて（前168）ローマに連行され、マケドニア王国は滅亡した。ヘレニズム諸国は一般に原住民支配のうえになっていたが、この王国だけは例外で、伝統的な家父長的王権と民会に匹敵する軍会とをもち、君主崇拝をまったく入れなかった。

［金澤良樹］

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