...Already in 1525, the spread of Lutheranism had put the Teutonic Knights under the protection of the Duchy of Prussia under King Zygmunt I Stary (1467-1548, reigned 1506-29), who had placed them under the protection of the Duchy of Prussia. In 1561, however, King Zygmunt II August (reigned 1529-72) placed the western half of the former territory of the Livonian Order of the Sword under the protection of the Duchy of Courland, which was also facing a similar crisis, and annexed the eastern half of the territory to Poland. In response to this move, Russia Ivan Emperor I (the Terrible) opposed this, starting the Livonian War that would last for nearly a century. From the Jagiellonian Dynasty…Later, Casimir IV's eldest son, Bładysław, was appointed king of Bohemia and then Hungary (called Vladislav II in Bohemia and Ulászló II in Hungary), and he competed with the Habsburgs for supremacy, but his son Ludwik (Ludvík I of Bohemia) was killed in the Battle of Mohács against the Ottoman Turks, and lost the Bohemian-Hungarian throne. The Polish dynasty also ended with the seventh king, Zygmunt II August, whose male line was broken. After this, under the elective monarchy, Sigismund II's nephew, Sigismund III, and his sons, Bładysław IV and Jan II Kazimierz, were elected kings of Poland. … *Some of the terminology that refers to "Zygmunt II August" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…すでに1525年,ルター主義の普及で崩壊の危機にしたドイツ騎士団を,ジグムント1世父王Zygmunt I Stary(1467‐1548。在位1506‐29)はプロイセン公国としてその保護下に置いたが,61年にジグムント2世アウグストZygmunt II August(在位1529‐72)は,同じ危機に直面したリボニアの刀剣騎士団の旧領地の西半分をクールラント公国としてその保護下に置くとともに,その東半分をポーランドに併合してしまった。この処置にロシアのイワン世(雷帝)が反対し,以後およそ1世紀も続くことになるリボニア戦争が始まることになった。… 【ヤギエウォ朝】より…その後カジミエシュ4世の長子ブワジスワフがボヘミア王位,次いでハンガリー王位にも迎えられて(ボヘミアではブラジスラフ2世Vladislav II,ハンガリーではウラースロー2世Ulászló IIと呼ばれる),ハプスブルク家と覇を争うまでになったが,その子ルドビクLudwik(ボヘミア王ルドビーク1世Ludvík I)がオスマン・トルコとのモハーチの戦で落命してボヘミア・ハンガリー王位を失う。ポーランドの王家も第7代ジグムント2世アウグストZygmunt II Augustで男系が絶えて断絶する。こののち選挙王制下でジグムント2世の甥がジグムント3世として,またその子らがそれぞれブワジスワフ4世,ヤン2世カジミエシュJan II Kazimierzとしてポーランド王に選ばれている。… ※「Zygmunt II August」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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