Propensity to consume

Japanese: 消費性向 - しょうひせいこう(英語表記)propensity to consume
Propensity to consume

It is the ratio of consumption to income. Individuals consume from their income to satisfy various desires, and the income not spent on consumption is saved. The propensity to consume can be divided into average propensity to consume and marginal propensity to consume. If consumption is C and income is Y , then C / Y is the average propensity to consume, and if the increase in consumption and income over a certain period is Δ C and Δ Y , respectively, then Δ C / Δ Y is the marginal propensity to consume. It is generally believed that the marginal propensity to consume is gradually decreasing. This is because as income increases, the degree to which an individual's desires are satisfied increases, and the increase in consumption expenditures becomes gradually smaller compared to the increase in income. Therefore, as the marginal propensity to consume decreases, the average propensity to consume also decreases. The magnitude of the propensity to consume depends on the institutional factors of each country and the living habits of the people, and is considered to be stable in the short term.

Since income is spent on consumption and the remainder is saved, there is a gap between the propensity to consume and the propensity to save.
The relationship propensity to consume = 1 - propensity to save is identical.

[Hiroo Suzuki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

消費の所得に対する割合をいう。個人は所得から種々の欲望を満たすために消費を行い、消費に支出されなかった所得が貯蓄される。消費性向は平均消費性向と限界消費性向とに分けて考えられる。いま、消費をC、所得をYと表せば、C/Yが平均消費性向であり、消費と所得のある期間の増加分をそれぞれΔCΔYと表せば、ΔC/ΔYが限界消費性向である。一般には限界消費性向は逓減(ていげん)すると考えられている。その理由は、所得が増加するにしたがって個人の欲望の満足される度合いは高まり、所得の増加に比較して消費支出の増加はしだいに小さくなってくると考えられるからである。したがって限界消費性向の逓減につれて平均消費性向も低下する。消費性向の大きさは各国の制度的要因、人々の生活慣習に依存しており、短期的には安定していると考えられる。

 所得は消費に支出され、残余が貯蓄となるので、消費性向と貯蓄性向との間には、
  消費性向=1-貯蓄性向
という関係が恒等的に成立する。

[鈴木博夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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