A unilateral, non-required contract in which money or other substitutes (rice, wheat, alcohol, etc.) are borrowed, consumed, and the same type, equal amount, and item returned are promised. Along with leases and loans for use, it is a type of loan contract in the broad sense, but it differs from them in that ownership of the object is transferred and another object of the same type, equal amount, and item returned later. In principle, a consumption loan is a contract requiring real property that becomes effective upon receipt of the object (Article 587 of the Civil Code), but it is generally understood that consensual consumption loans that are established by agreement alone are also possible. The effect of a consumption loan is that the borrower is obligated to return the same item in terms of quality and quantity. In principle, there is no obligation to pay interest unless otherwise agreed (a gratuitous contract), but in practice, interest is often attached, and the Interest Restriction Act applies to such interest agreements. In addition, in the case of transactions between merchants, interest at 6% per annum must be paid even if there is no agreement (Commercial Code Articles 513 and 514). The time for the return of the object is determined by contract, but if there is no such determination, the lender can set a reasonable period and demand return. Even if the legal nature of a deposit is that of a bailment, such as a deposit, if the depositee can consume the deposited item (money, etc.) under contract (consumption deposit), the provisions on consumption loans apply mutatis mutandis (Civil Code Article 666). [Takahisa Awaji] [Reference] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
金銭その他の代替物(米、麦、酒など)を借りてこれを消費し、同種・同等・同量の物を返還することを約する、要物・片務・不要式の契約。賃貸借、使用貸借とともに広義の貸借契約に属するが、目的物の所有権を移転し、のちに同種・同等・同量の別の物を返還すればよい点で、それらとは異なる。消費貸借は、目的物を受け取ることによってその効力を生ずる要物契約であるのが民法の原則である(民法587条)が、合意だけによって成立する諾成的消費貸借も可能であると一般に解されている。消費貸借の効力は、借り主が品等および数量の同じ物を返還する義務を負うことである。利息は、別段の合意がなければこれを支払う義務はない(無償契約)のが法律上の原則であるが、実際上は利息付きが多く、この利息の約定に対しては、利息制限法が適用される。なお、商人間の場合には、合意がなくても年6分の利息を支払わなければならない(商法513条、514条)。目的物の返還の時期は契約によって定まるが、その定めがないときには、貸し主は相当の期間を定めて、返還の催告をすることができる。預金のように、法律上の性質は寄託であっても、受寄者が契約により寄託物(金銭など)を消費することができる場合(消費寄託)には、消費貸借の規定が準用される(民法666条)。 [淡路剛久] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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