A coal deposit area distributed from the southeastern part of Fukushima Prefecture to the northeastern part of Ibaraki Prefecture. It is 95 km north to south, 5 to 25 km east to west, covers an area of 780 square kilometers, and slopes from higher in the west to lower in the east, even extending to the seabed. The coal is non-caking bituminous coal and lignite, and is of low grade with an average calorific value of 5,300, making it unsuitable for use as raw material coal and used as general fuel. In 1855 (Ansei 2), Katayose Heizo discovered a coal seam in Mirokusawa, Shiramizu, Uchigo, Iwaki City, and full-scale operations began, with shipments to Edo and Yokohama by sailing ships from seaports such as Onahama and Nakanosaku. The difficulty in transporting Kyushu coal caused by the Satsuma Rebellion in 1877 (Meiji 10) led to the industry attracting attention, and full-scale capital-based coal mining began with the establishment of Iwaki Coal Mine Co., Ltd. by Asano-affiliated capital in 1883 and Iriyama Saitankabushikigaisha Co., Ltd. by Kawasaki-affiliated (later Okura-affiliated) companies in 1890. The development of infrastructure for production and transportation was promoted, including the adoption of inclined shafts, steam engines, and the construction of a light railway to Onahama. The opening of the Joban Line in 1897 established the position of the Joban coalfields on Honshu. In 1944 (Showa 19) as a wartime measure, Iwaki Coal Mine and Iriyama Coal Mining merged to form Joban Coal Mine Co., Ltd., which contributed to the energy supply during and after the war and influenced the local society and economy, but the wave of the energy revolution from 1971 to 1976 closed many of the mines. Currently, mining is not taking place. The Iwaki City Coal and Fossil Museum is located in Joban Yumoto, Iwaki City (formerly the Iwaki Mine Office), the center of the coalfields. [Harada Sakae] Uchigo mining area. Uchigo Village, Ishiki County, Fukushima Prefecture (present-day Iwaki City). Fukushima Prefecture Photo Album (1908, Meiji 41), National Diet Library . Iwaki Coal Mine "Memorial Record of the Visit of the Crown Prince" (1910 (Meiji 43)) owned by the National Diet Library "> "Map of the Pancheng Coalfields" This museum displays the history of mining in the Joban coalfields, as well as fossils excavated in the city, including the Futabasaurus, and fossils from various regions overseas. There is a mock mine tunnel that recreates the state of coal mining inside the mine, and a living space that recreates the life of a coal miner in the early Showa period. Iwaki City, Fukushima Prefecture ©Seishohmaru "> Iwaki City Coal and Fossil Museum Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
福島県南東部から茨城県北東部にかけて分布した石炭埋蔵地域。南北95キロメートル、東西5~25キロメートル、面積780平方キロメートル、西高東低の傾斜で海底にも広がる。炭質は非粘結性の瀝青炭(れきせいたん)、褐炭で、平均5300カロリーの低品位で原料用炭には向かず一般燃料用炭であった。 1855年(安政2)、片寄平蔵(かたよせへいぞう)が現在のいわき市内郷(うちごう)白水(しらみず)の弥勒沢(みろくさわ)で炭層を発見して本格的稼行が始まり、小名浜(おなはま)、中之作(なかのさく)などの海港から帆船で江戸、横浜方面へ出荷した。1877年(明治10)の西南戦争による九州炭の輸送困難を機に注目されるようになり、1883年浅野系資本による磐城炭礦社(いわきたんこうしゃ)の設立、1890年川崎系(のち大倉系)の入山採炭株式会社(いりやまさいたんかぶしきがいしゃ)の設立で本格的な資本制採炭が始まった。斜坑の採用、蒸気機関の採用、小名浜への軽便鉄道の敷設など生産、搬出の基盤整備が進められた。1897年の常磐線の開通は本州における常磐炭田の地位を確立させた。 1944年(昭和19)戦時措置により磐城炭礦と入山採炭が合併して常磐炭礦株式会社となり、戦中戦後のエネルギー供給に貢献、地域の社会、経済に影響を与えたが、1971~1976年のエネルギー革命の波は多くの坑口を閉ざした。現在採掘は行われていない。炭田の中心地いわき市常磐湯本(かつての磐城礦業所)にいわき市石炭・化石館がある。 [原田 榮] 内郷鉱区。福島県石城郡内郷村(現在のいわき市内郷)。『福島県写真帖』(1908年〈明治41〉)国立国会図書館所蔵"> 磐城炭礦 『皇太子殿下行啓紀念帖』(1910年〈明治43〉)国立国会図書館所蔵"> 『盤城炭田図』 常磐炭田の採掘の歴史と、フタバスズキリュウをはじめとする市内で発掘された化石や海外諸地域の化石を展示する資料館。坑内での採炭のようすを再現した模擬坑道、昭和初期の炭住でのくらしが復元されている生活館などがある。福島県いわき市©Seishohmaru"> いわき市石炭・化石館 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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