The name of the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) line that runs from Nippori in Tokyo through northwestern Chiba and central Ibaraki prefectures, through eastern Fukushima prefecture, to Iwanuma in Miyagi prefecture (Tohoku Main Line). It consists of 343.7 km of freight lines between Nippori and Iwanuma, 5.7 km between Mikawashima and Minamisenju, and 1.6 km between Mikawashima and Tabata. The Nippori-Yotsukura, Hirono-Kido, and Ono-Futaba sections have been double-tracked (double-tracking rate 71.2% as of 2015), and the area north of the AC/DC switchover section between Toride and Fujishiro is electrified with AC, while the area south of that is electrified with DC. It is a main line that runs along the Pacific coast between Tokyo and Sendai, and acts as a sort of bypass for the Tohoku Main Line. Because there are no steep slopes, many express and limited express trains heading north of Sendai to the Tohoku region used to run via the Joban Line, even though the distance is slightly longer. However, after the electrification of the Tohoku Main Line, its transport capacity was strengthened, and the role of the Joban Line in that sense came to an end. The demise of the Joban coalfields also marked an end to coal transport. Cities along the line include Matsudo, Kashiwa, Abiko, Toride, Ushiku, Tsuchiura, Ishioka, Mito, Hitachinaka, Hitachi, Kitaibaraki, Iwaki, Haramachi, and Soma. Japanese Railway opened the Tabata-Iwanuma section between 1895 and 1898 (Meiji 28-31) (however, the Tomobe-Mito section was opened by the Mito Railway in 1889 and merged with Japanese Railway in 1892), and in 1905 (Meiji 38) the Nippori-Mikawashima section was built for passenger trains only, and the line was nationalized in 1906. Electrification was started in 1949 (Showa 24) as the Tokyo suburban national railway section, with electric train service between Ueno and Toride, and from 1961 to 1972 the section north of Toride was electrified with AC. In 1971, the Ayase-Abiko section was quadrupled, and mutual operation with the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (now Tokyo Metro) Chiyoda Line was started, and the line was extended to Toride in 1982. In 1987, following the privatization of the Japanese National Railways (JNR), the line became part of JR East. The Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011 caused devastating damage to some sections, but many sections were restored within the same year. With the opening of the Ueno-Tokyo Line in March 2015, some trains began running to Shinagawa. On March 14, 2020, the Tomioka-Namie section, which was the last section to be closed due to damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake, was restored, and operations resumed on the entire line. [Eiichi Aoki and Ryo Aoki, November 13, 2020] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
東京都日暮里(にっぽり)から千葉県北西部、茨城県中央部を通り、福島県東部を経て宮城県岩沼(東北本線)に至る東日本旅客鉄道(JR東日本)の線路名称。日暮里―岩沼間343.7キロメートルおよび三河島(みかわしま)―南千住(みなみせんじゅ)間5.7キロメートルと三河島―田端(たばた)間1.6キロメートルの貨物線からなる。日暮里―四倉(よつくら)間、広野―木戸間、大野―双葉(ふたば)間が複線化され(複線化率71.2%、2015年)、取手(とりで)―藤代(ふじしろ)間の交直流切替セクションを境として、以北が交流、以南が直流電化されている。東京―仙台付近間の太平洋岸沿いに走る幹線鉄道で、東北本線のバイパス的な役割をもつ。急勾配(きゅうこうばい)区間がないため、かつては仙台以北の東北方面への特急、急行列車は、距離が若干長くなるにもかかわらず、常磐線経由で運転されるものが多かった。しかし東北本線の電化後はその輸送力が強化されて、その意味での常磐線の役割は終わり、また、常磐炭田の終幕によって石炭輸送にも終止符が打たれた。沿線には、松戸、柏(かしわ)、我孫子(あびこ)、取手、牛久(うしく)、土浦、石岡、水戸、ひたちなか、日立、北茨城、いわき、原町、相馬(そうま)などの都市がある。 日本鉄道が田端―岩沼間を1895~1898年(明治28~31)に開業し(ただし、友部―水戸間は1889年水戸鉄道により開業、1892年日本鉄道に合併)、1905年(明治38)に旅客列車専用の日暮里―三河島間を建設して、1906年国有化された。電化は東京近郊国電区間として、1949年(昭和24)から上野―取手間で電車運転が行われ、1961~1972年に取手以北が交流電化された。また、1971年綾瀬(あやせ)―我孫子間が複々線化されて、営団地下鉄(現、東京地下鉄)千代田線との間に相互乗入れ運転が行われ、1982年取手まで延長された。1987年、日本国有鉄道(国鉄)の分割民営化に伴い、JR東日本に所属。2011年(平成23)3月の東日本大震災により、一部区間で壊滅的被害が発生したが、同年中に多くの区間が復旧した。2015年3月の上野東京ライン開業により、一部列車が品川まで乗り入れを開始した。2020年(令和2)3月14日、東日本大震災の被害により最後まで不通であった富岡(とみおか)―浪江(なみえ)間が復旧したことで、全線で運転が再開された。 [青木栄一・青木 亮 2020年11月13日] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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