Trichomonas - Captivating

Japanese: トリコモナス - とりこもなす
Trichomonas - Captivating

A general term for the genus Trichomonas belonging to the order Trichomonads of the phylum Sarcomastigera, subphylum Flagellate, class Zoonotic Flagellates, all of which are parasitic unicellular animals. Body length is 5-20 micrometers. They are ovoid with four flagella at the front end and another flagellum that extends backward to become the posterior flagellum, and a wavy membrane is stretched between this and the main body. In the center of the body there is a skeleton-like structure called the axis that reaches from the front to the rear end. There is also one nucleus located at the front of the body. They multiply by longitudinal binary fission and do not form durable cysts. Known species include Trichomonas vaginalis , which causes inflammation in the human urogenital system; Trichomonas tenax , which parasitizes the human oral cavity but is thought to be non-pathogenic; and Trichomonas gallinae , which parasitizes the oral cavity and esophagus of many birds and causes lesions in the upper digestive tract and other areas. In the past, Trichomonas intestinalis, which parasitizes the intestinal tract of humans and other animals, and Trichomonas fetus, which causes abortions in cattle, were both classified in this genus, but they are now classified as separate genera based on their structure and parasitic site. In other words, the former is classified in the genus Pentatrichomonas , and the latter in the genus Tritrichomonas . In recent years, it has become possible to culture protozoa in this genus aseptically, and various research projects have progressed. Antitrichomonas drugs such as metronidazole, tinidazole, and trichomycin are effective against pathogenic species as treatments.

[Chikara Koyama]

[Reference] | Trichomonas vaginalis

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

肉質鞭毛(べんもう)虫門鞭毛虫亜門動物性鞭毛虫綱トリコモナス目に属する1属Trichomonasの総称で、すべて寄生性の単細胞動物。体長5~20マイクロメートル。卵形で前端に4本の鞭毛をもち、別の1本は後方に伸びて後鞭毛(こうべんもう)となるが、これと本体の間には波動膜が張られている。体中央部には前端から後端に達する軸桿(じくかん)という名の骨格様構造がある。また1個の核が体前方に位置している。縦割り二分裂で増殖し、耐久性の嚢子(のうし)をつくることはない。ヒトの泌尿生殖器系に炎症をおこす腟トリコモナス(ちつとりこもなす)T. vaginalis、ヒトの口腔(こうくう)に寄生しているが非病原性と思われる口腔トリコモナスT. tenax、多くの鳥類の口腔や食道に寄生して上部消化管その他に病変をおこすハトトリコモナスT. gallinaeなどが知られている。かつては、ヒトその他の動物の腸管に寄生する腸トリコモナスや、ウシの流産の病因となるウシ胎仔トリコモナス(たいじとりこもなす)は、本属に入れられていたが、構造や寄生部位などから、現在では別属に分類されている。すなわち、前者はPentatrichomonas属に、後者はTritrichomonas属に入れられた。近年、本属の原虫の無菌培養が可能となって各種の研究が進展している。病原性の種に対し抗トリコモナス剤「メトロニダゾール」「チニダゾール」「トリコマイシン」などが治療剤として有効である。

[小山 力]

[参照項目] | 腟トリコモナス症

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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