Ammonium nitrate - shosan anmoniumu (English spelling) ammonium nitrate

Japanese: 硝酸アンモニウム - しょうさんあんもにうむ(英語表記)ammonium nitrate
Ammonium nitrate - shosan anmoniumu (English spelling) ammonium nitrate

Ammonium salt of nitric acid. In the industrial sector, it is commonly called ammonium nitrate. It is produced on a large scale by neutralizing 50-70% by weight of nitric acid with gaseous ammonia. It is a colorless crystal that undergoes five modifications at normal pressure, but the orthorhombic β (beta) form is the most stable at room temperature. It is highly hygroscopic and dissolves well in water and also in ethanol (ethyl alcohol). It is usually stable in air, but may explode if flammable substances are mixed in or if it is heated, impacted, or rubbed in a closed container. When heated in an open container, it undergoes a decomposition reaction depending on the temperature. When heated in a closed container, it easily progresses to the next explosive reaction.

4NH 4 NO 3 ―→2NO 2 +8H 2 O+3N 2
Its uses include fertilizer and as a raw material for gunpowder and explosives, but it is also used as a cooling agent and as a nutrient for yeast culture.

[Torii Yasuo]

[Reference item] | Ammonium nitrate [Supplementary material] | Ammonium nitrate (Data note)
Transformation of ammonium nitrate at atmospheric pressure
©Shogakukan ">

Transformation of ammonium nitrate at atmospheric pressure


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

硝酸のアンモニウム塩。工業部門では俗に硝安とよばれる。50~70重量%の硝酸をガス状アンモニアで中和することによって大規模に生産されている。無色の結晶で、常圧において5変態をとるが、常温では斜方晶系のβ(ベータ)形がもっとも安定である。きわめて吸湿性に富み、水によく溶け、またエタノール(エチルアルコール)にも溶ける。通常空気中では安定であるが、可燃性物質が混入したり、密閉容器中で加熱、衝撃、摩擦などを受けると爆発することがある。開放状態で加熱すると、その温度により分解反応をおこす。密閉状態で加熱すると、容易に次の爆発反応に移行する。

  4NH4NO3―→2NO2+8H2O+3N2
 肥料、火薬や爆薬の原料などの用途があるが、寒剤、酵母培養の養分としても用いられる。

[鳥居泰男]

[参照項目] | 硝安[補完資料] | 硝酸アンモニウム(データノート)
硝酸アンモニウムの常圧における変態
©Shogakukan">

硝酸アンモニウムの常圧における変態


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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