It is a crime to destroy, forge, or alter evidence related to the criminal case of another person, or to use forged or altered evidence, and is punishable by imprisonment of up to two years or a fine of up to 200,000 yen (Article 104 of the Penal Code). It is also called the crime of destroying evidence. This crime is a crime against the criminal justice system of the state. The object of this crime is "evidence related to the criminal case of another person." "Other person" means anyone other than the perpetrator, and does not include evidence of the perpetrator's own crime. Furthermore, if the perpetrator or fugitive is a relative of the perpetrator, the punishment may be voluntarily waived (Article 105 of the same law). The question is whether an accomplice is a "other person," but both the prevailing theory and precedents have determined that even in criminal cases involving accomplices, if evidence is destroyed solely for one's own benefit or for the benefit of oneself and other accomplices, it does not constitute this crime. Secondly, "destruction" of evidence does not only mean physical loss, but also means acts that reduce the value of evidence or prevent the discovery of evidence. Furthermore, the act of making a witness give false testimony may constitute this crime, except in cases where perjury under Article 169 of the Penal Code is established. [Tetsuro Nawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
他人の刑事事件に関する証拠を隠滅し、偽造し、もしくは変造し、または偽造もしくは変造の証拠を使用する罪で、2年以下の懲役または20万円以下の罰金に処せられる(刑法104条)。証憑湮滅(しょうひょういんめつ)罪ともいう。本罪は、国家の刑事司法作用に対する罪である。本罪の客体は「他人の刑事事件に関する証拠」である。「他人」とは、行為者以外の者を意味し、行為者自身の犯罪の証拠はこれに含まれない。また、犯人または逃走者が行為者の親族である場合には、刑の任意的免除とされている(同法105条)。 問題となるのは、共犯者が「他人」にあたるかであるが、通説・判例とも、共犯者の刑事事件でも、もっぱら自己のため証拠隠滅を行った場合や他の共犯者および自己の利益のために行った場合には、本罪にあたらないものと解している。次に、証拠の「隠滅」とは、物理的に滅失する場合に限らず、証拠としての価値を低下させたり、証拠の発見を妨げたりする行為でもよい。なお、証人に偽証させる行為は刑法第169条の偽証罪が成立する場合は別として、偽証罪にあたらない偽証は本罪にあたりうる。 [名和鐵郎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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