If there is a sequence of real numbers { ai | i = 1, 2, ...} that is bounded upwards, then for each natural number n , if we define the set E n as E n = { ai | i ≧ n }, then this is bounded upwards and has an upper limit. If we define each upper limit of E n as b n , then { b n | n = 1, 2, ...} is a monotonically decreasing sequence, so when n becomes infinitely large, it converges to a certain number α. This α is called the upper limit of { ai }, and is expressed as such. The upper limit α can also be characterized as a number that has the property that for any positive number ε, there are a finite number of n 's such that α + ε < a n , and an infinite number of n 's such that α - ε < a n . Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
実数列{ai|i=1,2,……}があって,上に有界であるとき,各自然数nに対して,集合EnをEn={ai|i≧n}で定義すれば,これは上に有界であるので上限をもつ。Enのそれぞれの上限をbnとおくと,{bn|n=1,2,……}は単調減少数列であるので,nを限りなく大きくしたとき,ある数αに収束する。このαを{ai}の上極限といい,などで表す。また上極限αは,任意の正の数εに対して,α+ε<anとなるnは有限個,α-ε<anとなるnは無限個存在するという性質をもつ数であるとして特徴づけることもできる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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