The principle of distinguishing between combatants and non-combatants in war and prohibiting direct attacks on the latter is one of the fundamental principles of the laws of war. Combatants generally refer to members of the armed forces of a belligerent country (including not only regular armies but also militias, volunteer corps, organized resistance groups, and members of popular uprisings that meet certain criteria), but excludes personnel who serve to assist the armed forces, such as medical and religious personnel (Article 3 of the 1907 Hague Convention on Land Warfare, Article 3(2) of the 1977 Additional Protocol I). Combatants have the right to take a direct part in hostilities. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
戦争において戦闘員と非戦闘員を区別し,後者に対する直接攻撃を禁止する原則は,戦争法の基本原則の一つである。戦闘員とは一般に交戦国の軍隊(正規軍のみならず,一定の条件を満たす民兵隊,義勇隊,組織的抵抗運動団体,さらに群民蜂起の構成員を含む)の構成員を指すが,そのうち衛生要員や宗教要員等軍隊を援助するために所属する要員は除かれる(1907年ハーグ陸戦規則3条,1977年第1追加議定書3条2項)。戦闘員は敵対行為に直接参加する権利を有する。
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