Commercial servant - shougyoushiyon

Japanese: 商業使用人 - しょうぎょうしようにん
Commercial servant - shougyoushiyon

A person who is subordinate to a particular merchant or company and assists in its external commercial operations. When a merchant or company runs a business, it is necessary to utilize the labor and abilities of others to assist them, and among those who assist in business activities, there are agents, middlemen, wholesalers, etc. who are themselves independent merchants, as well as commercial employees who are exclusive and subordinate corporate assistants and engage in external business activities on behalf of the business owner or company.

Since a commercial employee assists in external commercial operations and represents a merchant or company, not only engineers and craftsmen who are not in an external agency relationship, and drivers employed by a merchant or company, but also those who merely assist with commercial technical matters such as communications, bookkeeping, and financial disbursements are not commercial employees. Thus, from the perspective of external corporate representation, the Commercial Code classifies commercial employees into three categories: employees who have been delegated certain types or specific matters related to the business (operation) of a merchant or company, such as managers, department heads, and section chiefs, and employees of stores whose purpose is to sell goods, etc., and stipulates mainly the scope of their agency authority for the business owner (Commercial Code, Articles 20-26, Companies Act, Articles 10-15).

[Toda Shuzo]

[Reference items] | Manager | Merchant

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

特定の商人や会社に従属して、その対外的な商業上の業務を補助する者。商人や会社が営業(事業)を行う場合、他人の労力や能力を補助的に利用する必要があるが、営業(事業)活動の補助者のなかには、その者が自ら独立の商人資格を有する代理商、仲立人、問屋(といや)などのほか、専属的かつ従属的な企業補助者である商業使用人があり、営業主や会社を代理して対外的な営業(事業)活動に従事する。

 商業使用人は対外的な商業上の業務を補助し、商人や会社を代理する者であるから、対外的な代理関係にたたない技師・職工、商人や会社に雇われている自動車の運転手はもとより、通信、簿記、金銭出納など、単に商的技術の面から補助するにすぎない者も商業使用人ではない。かくして商法は、対外的な企業代理の側面から、商業使用人として、支配人、部長や課長のような商人や会社の営業(事業)に関するある種類または特定の事項の委任を受けた使用人、および、物品の販売等を目的とする店舗の使用人の三つに区分し、それらが営業主のためにどの範囲の代理権を有するかを中心に規定している(商法20~26条、会社法10~15条)。

[戸田修三]

[参照項目] | 支配人 | 商人

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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