A large river that flows through the center of Northeast China. It is the largest tributary of the Heilongjiang River. In Manchu, it is called Sungari Ura (Heavenly River). It has a total length of 1,927 km, a drainage area of about 545,000 square km, and an average flow rate of about 2,530 cubic meters per second. It connects coastal cities such as Jilin, Harbin, and Chams via river traffic. It originates from Tianchi Lake on Mount Paektu on the border with North Korea, flows northwest as the Erdao River, then changes its name to the Second Songhua River, and joins the Huifa River from the southwest to enter the 120-kilometer-long Songhua Lake. The downstream end of the Songhua Lake is Fengman Dam. After passing through Jilin City, the Yinma River and the Yitong River join together, and in Buyu County join the Nen River from the north to form the Songhua River. It then flows east to join the Lalin River from the south, and the Hulan River from the north east of Harbin, before joining the Mudan River from the south, passing through Chams and entering the Heilongjiang at the Tongjiang. The flow rate varies greatly from year to year, being high during the thaw in April and May and the rainy season in July and August, and low in late June and September and October. Navigation is active on Lake Songhua and downstream from Jilin City, but the latter has many shallow areas, so caution is required during low water periods. The navigation distance is 1,890 kilometers. The river freezes over in mid-November, but there is still a risk of drifting ice even during the thawing season, so the voyage should be expected to last 200 days. In recent years, the area protected from flooding by embankments has reached 1,600 square kilometers, while the irrigated area is said to be over 10,000 hectares. Carp, crucian carp, sturgeon, salmon, and white fish are abundant here. [Tatsuro Asai] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中国、東北(とうほく/トンペイ)地区の中心部を流れる大河。黒竜江(こくりゅうこう/ヘイロンチヤン)最大の支流。満州語でスンガリー・ウラ(天の河)という。全長1927キロメートル、流域面積約54万5000平方キロメートル、平均流量約2530立方メートル/秒。河川交通により、吉林(きつりん/チーリン)、ハルビン、チャムスなど沿岸の都市を結ぶ。源を北朝鮮との国境にある白頭山の天池(てんち/ティエンチー)に発し、二道江として北西流したのち、第二松花江と名を変え、南西からの輝発(きはつ)河をあわせて長さ120キロメートルの松花湖に入る。松花湖の下流端が豊満ダムである。吉林市を経て、飲馬(いんば)河、伊通(いつう)河の2河川をあわせ、扶余(ふよ/フーユイ)県で北からの嫩江(どんこう/ネンチヤン)と合流し松花江となる。その後、東流して南からの拉林(ろうりん)河を、さらにハルビンの東で北からの呼蘭(こらん)河をあわせたのち、南から流れる牡丹江(ぼたんこう/ムータンチヤン)を合流、チャムスを通って同江(どうこう/トンチヤン)で黒竜江に入る。流量の年変化は大きく、4~5月の解氷期と、7~8月の雨期に大で、6月下旬と、9~10月に小さい。航行は松花湖上と吉林市より下流で盛んであるが、後者では浅瀬も多いので減水期には注意を要する。航行距離は1890キロメートルである。11月なかばに結氷するが、解氷期も流氷の危険があるため、航行期間は200日とみるべきである。近年、築堤により洪水回避面積は1600平方キロメートルに達する一方、灌漑(かんがい)面積は1万ヘクタール以上に及ぶという。コイ、フナ、チョウザメ、サケ、ハクギョなどを多く産する。 [浅井辰郎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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