Law of the Sea

Japanese: 海洋法 - かいようほう（英語表記）law of the sea

A general term for the rules of international law concerning the seas. Under previous international law, the seas were divided into territorial seas and the high seas. Territorial seas were subject to the sovereignty of coastal states except in the case of innocent passage of foreign ships, and no state could claim ownership of the high seas (principle of freedom of the high seas), which could be freely used in accordance with the rules of international law (principle of freedom of use of the high seas). The law of the sea was established mainly as customary international law, but in recent years it has been codified, and various issues have been raised from the perspective of the development and conservation of marine resources and the prevention of marine pollution. Efforts to create a new law of the sea, including various issues surrounding new uses of the sea, continued at the United Nations, and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea was adopted in 1982. As a result, a new maritime order was created, with the high seas being defined as the area excluding internal waters, territorial seas, exclusive economic zones, and archipelagic waters.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

海に関する国際法の規則の総称。従来の国際法上では，海洋は領海と公海に分けられていた。領海は，外国船の無害航行の場合を除いて沿岸国の主権が及び，公海はいずれの国も領有を主張しえず (公海自由の原則 ) ，国際法の規則に従って自由に利用できる (公海使用自由の原則) とされていた。海洋法はおもに慣習国際法として成立したが，近年その成文化が進み，さらに海洋資源の開発，保存，海洋汚染の防止の観点から種々な問題が提起されている。海洋の新しい利用をめぐる種々な問題を含めて，新しい海洋法を作るための努力が国連で続けられ，1982年国連海洋法条約が採択された。これにより，公海は内水，領海，排他的経済水域と群島水域を除く部分とされるなど，新しい海洋秩序が生れた。

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