A device that reduces the noise emitted from internal combustion engines and ventilation systems. It is also called a muffler or silencer. A typical example is one that reduces the exhaust sound of automobile and motorcycle engines. It is made of metal and has a cylindrical or rectangular box shape. There are various types of mufflers to reduce sound. The expansion type reduces sound by diffusing it from a thin tube into a large space. There are also various types of mufflers, such as the resonance type, which has many small holes in a thin tube and diffuses the sound from the holes into a large space to cancel each other out, the absorption type, which absorbs sound by passing it through steel wool (metal made into thin threads), and the bulkhead type, which has many partitions with small holes in the tube to reduce the sound as it passes through them. However, if the muffler effect is improved, the exhaust flow becomes poor and the engine output decreases. Therefore, it is common for racing cars not to use mufflers. [Hidetaro Nakayama] ©Shogakukan "> Main types of silencers Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
内燃機関や換気装置から放射される騒音を小さくするための装置。マフラーmuffler、サイレンサーsilencerともいう。代表的なものに、自動車やオートバイのエンジンの排気音を小さくするものがある。金属製で円筒あるいは長方形の箱形をしている。音を小さくする方法として各種の消音器がある。細い管から広い空間に拡散させ、音を小さくするものは膨張式という。また細い管に多数の小穴をあけ、その穴から広い空間に拡散させ、互いに音を打ち消させるようにした共鳴式、スチールウール(金属を細い糸状にしたもの)の中を通過させ音を吸収させる吸収式、細かい穴をあけた隔壁を管の中に多数入れ、そこを通過するうちに音が小さくなるようにした隔壁式など、各種の消音器がある。しかし、消音効果をよくすると、排気の流れが悪くなりエンジンの出力が低下する。したがって、競走用自動車では消音器を使用しないのが普通である。 [中山秀太郎] ©Shogakukan"> 消音器のおもな種類 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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