This is the basic law that stipulated the independence of colonial India. On August 14th and 15th, 1947, Pakistan and India respectively escaped from British rule. The Indian Independence Act and the Government of India Act (1935) stipulated the basis for the partition and independence of India and Pakistan. The Indian Independence Act is made up of 20 articles and three schedules, and its tone can be found in the Viceroy Mountbatten Plan of June 3rd, 1947, which was the final solution to the partition and independence of India and Pakistan. The Act was passed by the British Parliament one month later on July 3rd, and came into effect in August of the same year after receiving the assent of the British King. The Act's main features were that both India and Pakistan would be autonomous territories, the Constituent Assembly would play the role of a legislative body, and Britain would lose supreme command over the Indian military. Thus, India's two hundred and several decades of British rule came to an end. The Constitution then came into effect in January 1950, and a republican system with sovereignty resided in the people was established. In one sense, the Indian Independence Act could be seen as the basic law for the transitional period towards the implementation of the Constitution. [Heiji Nakamura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
植民地インドの独立を規定した基本法。1947年8月14日と同15日、パキスタンとインドはそれぞれイギリス支配から脱した。このインド、パキスタン分離独立の根本を規定したのがインド独立法とインド統治法(1935)である。インド独立法は全体が20条、三付則から構成され、その基調は、インド、パキスタン分離独立を最終的な打開策とした1947年6月3日のインド総督マウントバッテン計画に求められる。同法は1か月後の7月3日にイギリス議会で可決され、イギリス国王の裁可を経て同年8月に発効した。 同法の特徴としては、まずインド、パキスタン双方の国家形態が自治領であること、制憲議会は立法府としての役割を果たすこと、イギリスはインド軍に対する統帥権を失うこと、などであった。かくてインドは、二百数十年にわたるイギリス支配に終止符を打った。その後、50年1月に憲法が施行され、主権在民の共和国体制が確立された。インド独立法は一面で憲法施行への過渡期の基本法ともいえるものであった。 [中村平治] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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