Romanian sculptor. Born in Hobita, a farming village in the foothills of the Transylvanian Mountains. At the age of 11, he left home and wandered around the country. In 1895, he entered the School of Arts and Crafts in Craiova, and from 1898, he studied sculpture at the School of Fine Arts in Bucharest for three years. He eventually left his home country and arrived in Paris in 1904. The following year, he entered the École des Beaux-Arts and studied in the atelier of Antonin Mercier, but the influence of Rodin was evident in his work. In 1906 and 1907, he exhibited his work at the Salon of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, and caught the attention of Rodin, who asked him to become his assistant, but he declined, saying, "Nothing grows under a big tree." The influence of Rodin gradually faded away, and around 1907 and 1908, he began to pursue simple, harmonious, primitive forms. In "The Kiss," he carved directly into stone, achieving a perfect fusion between the inherent mass of stone and the form required by the subject. The simple and tranquil form of "Sleeping Muse," with only a human head lying down, was gradually condensed, and after works such as "Prometheus," it finally became a perfect egg shape, resulting in "The Beginning of the World" in the 1920s. In 1913, he sent five pieces to the Armory Show in New York, and since then has been highly acclaimed in the United States. From around 1914, he also began working on wood sculptures, which are somewhat different in style from his carefully polished marble and bronze works, and show the fundamental vitality of primitive art. His works, which are created by thoroughly simplifying the material while maximizing its life and creating organic forms, left a major mark on the development of avant-garde sculpture. After his death in Paris, his entire studio was bequeathed to the Musée National d'Art Moderne de Paris. [Tatsuji Omori] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ルーマニアの彫刻家。トランシルバニア山脈の丘陵地帯にある農村ホビツァに生まれる。11歳のとき家を出て各地を放浪。1895年にクライオバの美術工芸学校に入学、さらに98年から3年間ブカレストの美術学校で彫刻を学ぶ。やがて故国を去り、1904年パリにたどり着く。翌年エコール・デ・ボザールに入学、アントナン・メルシエのアトリエで学ぶが、作品にはロダンの影響が顕著であった。06年と07年にはソシエテ・ナシオナル・デ・ボザールのサロンに出品、ロダンの注目するところとなり、助手になるよう求められたが、「大木の下ではなにも育たない」といって断ったという。こうしたロダンの影響もしだいに影を潜め、07年から08年ころには単純で調和のとれた原初的なフォルムの追求へと歩を進めていった。『接吻(せっぷん)』では石の直彫(じかぼ)りによって、石本来の量塊性と、主題が要求するフォルムとの間に完璧(かんぺき)な融合を達成。また人間の首だけを横たえた単純で静謐(せいひつ)なフォルムの『眠れるミューズ』は、しだいに凝縮され、『プロメテウス』などを経て、ついには完全な卵型となり、20年代の『世界のはじまり』となる。13年にはニューヨークでのアーモリー・ショーに5点の作品を送り、以来アメリカで高い評価を得る。また14年ころから木彫を手がけるが、それらは、入念に磨き込まれた大理石やブロンズの作品とは趣(おもむき)をやや異にし、原始芸術のもつ根源的な生命力を示している。徹底的な単純化により、素材の生命を最大限に引き出しつつ有機的な形態を造形した彼の作品は、前衛彫刻の展開に大きな足跡を残した。パリで没後、彼のアトリエはそっくりパリ国立近代美術館に遺贈された。 [大森達次] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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