A town in Karbala Province in central Iraq. It means "round sand dune" in Arabic. In 639, the second caliph Umar I ordered Iraqi governor Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas to build it on the west bank of the Euphrates River, near present-day Kufa, and it was the second largest Islamic military city. During the Orthodox Caliphate and Umayyad periods, it flourished as a military base for the expansion of Islam to the northeastern region, and along with Basra, as a central city in Iraq's politics, economy, and culture. As it was the stronghold of the fourth caliph, Ali, it was also the base of the Shiite anti-Umayyad movement. When the Abbasid Caliphate came into power and the capital Baghdad was built, it lost its political and economic importance, but it competed with Basra as the center of Islamic learning. [Hanada Ushu] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イラク中部、カルバラー州にある町。アラビア語で「円い砂丘」を意味する。639年、第2代カリフであるウマル1世の命によりイラク総督サード・ブン・アビー・ワッカースが、ユーフラテス川西岸、現在のクーファ近郊に建設し、イスラム第二の軍事都市であった。正統カリフ時代、ウマイヤ朝時代は、北東地域へのイスラムの拡大の軍事基地として、またバスラとともにイラクの政治、経済、文化的中心都市として栄えた。第4代カリフ、アリーの牙城(がじょう)であったため、シーア派の反ウマイヤ朝運動の根拠地でもあった。アッバース朝に入り、首都バグダードが建設されると、政治的、経済的重要性が失われたが、イスラム諸学の中心地としてバスラと覇を競った。 [花田宇秋] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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