Also known as propellant. Usually refers to chemical propellants. Chemical energy is converted into thermal energy by burning fuel, which is then transferred to the gas produced by the combustion to give it kinetic energy, which is then ejected to generate power. Rocket propellants are characterized by being both an energy source and a kinetic energy medium, and by the fact that the propellant itself contains the oxygen needed for combustion in the form of an oxidizer. They are broadly divided into liquid propellants and solid propellants. In the former, the fuel and oxidizer are separated and stored in a tank, and the two are sent to the combustion chamber at a fixed ratio. Kerosene, ammonia, hydrazine, liquid hydrogen, etc. are used as fuels, and liquid oxygen, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, etc. are used as oxidizers. Solid propellants include double-base propellants, which contain oxygen and fuel elements in the molecule, and composite propellants, which are a mixture of fuel and oxidizer. Both are formed into a rod shape, but since the thrust is related to the burning area, methods such as drilling a star-shaped hole in the center are used to ensure uniform combustion throughout. → Related topics Fuel | Free radical propellant | Rocket (engineering) Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
プロペラント,推薬とも。普通は化学系推進剤をさす。燃料の燃焼によって化学エネルギーを熱エネルギーに変え,これを燃焼によって生じたガスに伝えて運動エネルギーをもたせ,その噴出によって動力を得る。ロケット推進剤は,エネルギー源であると同時に運動エネルギー媒体であること,また燃焼に必要な酸素を酸化剤の形で推進剤自身が保有することが特色である。液体推進剤と固体推進剤とに大別される。前者は燃料と酸化剤を分離してタンクに貯蔵し,両者を一定の割合で燃焼室に送り込む。燃料としてはケロシン,アンモニア,ヒドラジン,液体水素など,酸化剤としては液体酸素,硝酸,過酸化水素などが使用される。固体推進剤には分子中に酸素と燃料要素を含むダブルベース推進剤と,燃料と酸化剤を混和したコンポジット推進剤とがある。ともに棒状に成形されるが,推力が燃焼面積に関係するので,終始一様な燃焼を行わせるため,中心に星形の穴をあけるなどの方法がとられる。 →関連項目燃料|フリーラジカル推進剤|ロケット(工学) 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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