What is the disease?What is the cause? Under the brain Rarely How symptoms manifestThe most characteristic symptom is that the abdomen becomes fat even though the limbs become thin, and the face becomes swollen and red. In addition, reddish purple cracks may appear on the abdomen and thighs, and the skin becomes soft and easily bruised. Acne is noticeable on the face, and men may experience a decrease in libido and impotence, while women may experience menstrual irregularities and beard growth. Other symptoms include high blood pressure and diabetes. Testing and diagnosisTo check if the adrenal cortex steroid hormone (cortisol) is being secreted in excess, we measure the levels of cortisol and ACTH in the blood and urine. These hormones fluctuate when stressed, even in healthy people, so it is necessary to check whether there are any abnormalities in hormone fluctuations under various conditions. The test for this purpose is called a loading test. For example, we administer a corticosteroid drug to determine the degree of suppression of the adrenal cortex, or measure blood hormones late at night. If these are abnormal, Cushing's syndrome will be diagnosed. In addition, MRI of the pituitary gland, CT scan of the abdomen, MRI, nuclear medicine scan, etc. will be performed to check for the presence of a causative tumor. In addition, it is possible to distinguish between Cushing's syndrome caused by an adrenal tumor, in which the pituitary hormone ACTH is decreased, and Cushing's disease caused by a pituitary tumor or ectopic ACTH syndrome, in which ACTH is elevated. Treatment methodsThe pituitary tumor or adrenal tumor that is causing the problem is removed by surgery. In this case, if the tumor is releasing a lot of hormones, the normal adrenal gland will rest and become smaller. Since it takes a long time for the normal adrenal gland to recover, it is necessary to supplement with adrenal cortical hormone drugs for several weeks to several months after surgery. In cases where Cushing's disease is caused by a pituitary tumor, the tumor often cannot be completely removed. In this case, radiation therapy is added to the pituitary gland. Drug treatments are currently not very effective and are used as adjunctive treatments. In people with ectopic ACTH syndrome, the underlying tumor is treated. What to do if you notice an illnessIf you have diabetes or high blood pressure and the characteristic physical findings mentioned above, we recommend that you visit a hospital specializing in endocrinology and metabolism for detailed examination. Recently, there has been an increase in cases where adrenal tumors are discovered by chance during tests (CT scans, etc.) performed for other illnesses, and as a result of further testing, patients are diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome. Even if there are no obvious physical symptoms, it can cause high blood pressure, diabetes, osteoporosis, etc., so in this case too, please consult a specialist doctor. Related TopicsCorticosteroids (Column) Satoshi Sakihara Cushing's syndrome |
どんな病気か 原因は何か 脳の下にある まれに 症状の現れ方最も特徴的な症状は、手足が細くなってもおなかは太り、顔はむくんで赤ら顔になることです。また、腹部、太ももに赤紫色の皮膚の亀裂が生じることがあり、皮膚は軟らかく、あざができやすくなります。顔にはにきびが目立ち、男性では性欲の減退やインポテンツ、女性では月経異常やひげが生えたりします。このほか、高血圧や糖尿病も合併します。 検査と診断副腎皮質ステロイドホルモン(コルチゾール)が出すぎていることを確認するために、血液中や尿中のコルチゾールやACTHなどを測定します。これらのホルモンは、健康な人でもストレスがかかると変動しますので、さまざまな条件下でホルモンの変動に異常がないかどうかを調べる必要があります。そのための検査を負荷試験といいます。たとえば、副腎皮質ホルモン薬を投与して副腎皮質の抑制の程度を判断したり、深夜の血中ホルモンを測定したりします。 これらに異常があれば、クッシング症候群と診断されます。さらに、原因となる腫瘍の有無を確認するためには、下垂体のMRI、腹部のCT、MRI、核医学検査などが行われます。 また、副腎腫瘍が原因のクッシング症候群の場合は下垂体ホルモンのACTHが低下し、下垂体腫瘍が原因のクッシング病や異所性ACTH症候群の場合はACTHが上昇しているので、これらを区別することができます。 治療の方法原因になっている下垂体腫瘍、あるいは副腎腫瘍を手術で取り除きます。この場合、腫瘍からホルモンがたくさん出ていると、正常な副腎は、休んで小さくなってしまっています。正常な副腎のはたらきが回復するにはかなりの時間がかかるため、手術のあと、数週間~数カ月間にわたって副腎皮質ホルモン薬を補充する必要があります。下垂体腫瘍が原因のクッシング病の場合、しばしば腫瘍を完全に取り除けないことがあります。この場合は、下垂体に対して放射線療法を追加します。 薬物による治療は、現在のところあまり有効なものはなく、補助的な治療として用いられています。 異所性ACTH症候群の場合は、原因になっている腫瘍の治療を行います。 病気に気づいたらどうする糖尿病や高血圧があり、前述の特徴的な身体所見が認められた場合は、内分泌・代謝を専門とする病院を受診し、精密検査することをすすめます。 最近、その他の病気で行われた検査中(CTなど)に、偶然に副腎の腫瘍が発見され、検査をすすめた結果、クッシング症候群と診断されるケースが増えています。明らかな身体症状がなくても、高血圧、糖尿病、骨粗鬆症などの原因になるので、この場合も専門の医師に相談してください。 関連項目副腎皮質ステロイド薬(コラム) 崎原 哲 クッシング症候群
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