A composer and violinist born in Bohemia (Czech Republic) and active in Germany. His Czech name was Jan Vaclav Antonín. He was born as the son of a church organist in Bohemia. He left Bohemia around 1741 and joined the Mannheim court orchestra, later serving as principal violinist and instrumental director. While composing, he also worked hard to improve the orchestra's performance skills, establishing the foundation of orchestras in Europe. As a composer, he is known as a central figure of the Mannheim School, one of the important schools of pre-classical music, and about 60 symphonies were the core of his work. He introduced many innovative styles, such as dramatic contrasts of volume using crescendos boldly, orchestration that treated wind instruments independently, the establishment of sonata form with contrasts and developments between two themes, and the creation of four-movement symphonies with minuet as the third movement, which laid the foundation for classical music. His other works include concertos for various instruments and chamber music. His sons Carl Philip (1745-1801) and Anton (1750-1789 to 1809) also left their mark on music history as composers and violinists, with the eldest son Carl Philip showing a more harmonically rich style than his father and making a name for himself with his symphonies concertantes using two or more solo instruments. → Sonata → Related topics Concerto grosso | Orchestra | Sinfonia Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
ボヘミア(チェコ)に生れ,ドイツで活曜した作曲家,バイオリン奏者。チェコ名は,ヤン・バーツラフ・アントニーン。ボヘミアの教会オルガン奏者の子として生まれる。1741年ころボヘミアを離れ,マンハイムの宮廷楽団に入団,のち首席バイオリン奏者,器楽監督などを務める。作曲活動の一方,楽団の演奏能力向上に尽くし,ヨーロッパにおけるオーケストラの基礎を確立した。作曲家としては前古典派の重要な楽派の一つ〈マンハイム楽派〉の中心人物として名高く,約60曲の交響曲がその業績の中核となった。クレッシェンドを大胆に用いた音量の劇的な対比,管楽器を自立的に扱ったオーケストレーション,2主題の対比と展開部をもつソナタ形式の確立,メヌエットを第3楽章にすえた4楽章の交響曲の創始など,革新的な幾多の様式を打ち出し,古典派音楽の基本的形式を用意することになった。作品にはほかに各種の楽器のための協奏曲,室内楽曲などがある。息子のカール・フィリップ〔1745-1801〕,アントン〔1750-1789から1809〕もともに作曲家,バイオリン奏者として音楽史に名を残し,ことに長男カール・フィリップは父よりさらに和声的に充実した作風を示し,2つ以上の独奏楽器を用いた協奏交響曲でその名を高めた。→ソナタ →関連項目合奏協奏曲|管弦楽|シンフォニア 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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