Su-shen; Su-shên

Japanese: 粛慎 - しゅくしん（英語表記）Su-shen; Su-shên

The name of a foreign tribe that lived in the northeast of ancient China. The name Sushen already appears in the Guoyu, Shiji and other classics, and is especially famous for the legend of the Sushen tribute arrows in the Guoyu. The appearance of the holy emperor is often explained in connection with their contribution to the court. Their distinctive feature is the use of stone arrowheads and arrows, but the identity of the tribe is unknown. However, in the Weizhi Dongyi Zhuan section of the Records of the Three Kingdoms, the Yulou tribe is interpreted as the Sushen, and later Chinese books have interpreted the Yulou as another name for the Sushen, but this is based solely on the use of stone arrowheads, and the Sushen in pre-Qin documents does not match the later Yulou. The Sushen are only known as the name of a foreign tribe in northeastern China, and there is no consensus on them in terms of linguistics or ethnology. In Japanese history, Sushen is also pronounced "Mishihase" or "Ashihase," and appears in the Kinmei and Saimei chapters of the Nihon Shoki, but this appears to simply be the use of these characters to refer to a foreign ethnic group on the border.

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Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

古代中国の東北方面に居住した異民族の名称。粛慎の呼称はすでに『国語』『史記』その他の古典にみえ，特に『国語』の粛慎貢矢の伝説で有名で，聖天子の出現と彼らの入朝貢献を結びつけて説明されることが多い。彼らの特色は石ど (石鏃) とこ矢 (し) の使用であるが，民族の実体は不明である。しかし『三国志』魏志東夷伝ではゆう婁 (ろう)族を粛慎であると解釈し，のちの中国書はゆう婁は粛慎の別名のように解釈してきたが，その根拠は単に石どとこ矢の使用にあるだけで，先秦の文献にみえる粛慎と後代のゆう婁とが一致するものではない。粛慎とは中国東北地方の異民族の呼称として知られているだけで，言語学的にも民族学的にも定説がない。日本史でも粛慎を「みしはせ」あるいは「あしはせ」と読み，『日本書紀』の欽明紀や斉明紀にも現れるが，それは単に辺境の異民族の呼称としてこの文字を用いたにすぎないようである。