Thickener - thickener

Japanese: シックナー - しっくなー(英語表記)thickener
Thickener - thickener

A continuous settling and thickening device that separates solid particles suspended in a large volume of liquid by settling them out through the action of gravity (this method is called thickening). It was first invented in 1906 by American JVN Dorr. While the main purpose of the clarifier is to obtain a clear overflow, the main purpose of the thickener is to extract the discharged mud in as concentrated a state as possible.

A suspension of solid particles is supplied from the sludge inlet at the top center of the tank, and as it flows radially inside the tank toward the tank wall, the solid particles settle and separate, and the clear supernatant liquid is removed from the tank through an overflow gutter installed on the tank wall. Meanwhile, the concentrated and dewatered sludge that has accumulated at the bottom of the tank is collected in the center of the tank by a scraping blade attached to the rotating shaft in the center of the tank, and is discharged from the sludge outlet in the center of the bottom using a sludge pump or other device. Thickeners require a large amount of floor space, so to save on this, there are stacked thickeners, which are made by stacking two or three thickeners. In addition to the chemical industry, they are widely used in water supply and sewage, wastewater treatment, etc.

[Toyohiko Hayakawa]

Structure of the thickener
©Shogakukan ">

Structure of the thickener


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

大量の液体中に浮遊している固体粒子を、重力の作用により沈殿分離させる(この方法をシックニングという)連続式の沈殿濃縮装置。1906年、アメリカのドルJ. V. N. Dorrによって初めて考案された。清澄槽が清澄な溢流(いつりゅう)を得るのを主目的とするのに対し、シックナーは、排出泥をできるだけ濃縮した状態で取り出すことを主目的とする。

 槽中央上部の給泥口より供給された固体粒子の懸濁液は、槽内を放射状に槽周壁に向かって流れていく間に固体粒子を沈降分離し、清澄になった上澄み液は槽周壁に設けられた溢流樋(とい)を通って槽外に取り出される。一方、槽底にたまり濃縮脱水された泥漿(でいしょう)(スラッジ)は、槽中央の回転軸に取り付けられたかき取り羽根で槽中央に集められ、下底中央の排泥口から泥漿ポンプなどで排出される。シックナーは大きな床面積を要するので、その節約などの目的で2~3個のシックナーを重ねた重ねシックナーなどがある。化学工業のほか、上下水道、廃水処理などに広く用いられる。

[早川豊彦]

シックナーの構造
©Shogakukan">

シックナーの構造


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