Leon Jouhaux

Japanese: ジュオー - じゅおー(英語表記)Léon Jouhaux
Leon Jouhaux

French labor movement leader. Born in Paris. Like his father, he was a match maker and devoted himself to the labor movement at an early age. Starting out as a revolutionary syndicalist, he was active in the General Confederation of Labor (CGT) and served as its Secretary General for 38 years from 1909 to 1947. During that time, since the adoption of a policy of government cooperation during World War I, he consistently took a stance on reformism and independence of unions from political parties, which led a minority of dissatisfied members to form the General Confederation of United Labor (CGTU) in 1921. With the progress of the Popular Front movement, the CGT and CGTU were unified in 1936, and Jouhaud was a key figure behind the movement, although he did not join the Blum cabinet. After World War II, in 1947, he formed the General Confederation of Labor-Forces (FO, also known as CGT-FO) in opposition to the CGT's communist tendencies and became its Secretary General. In 1949 he was one of the founders of the International Federation of Free Trade Unions, which won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1951.

[Tetsuya Hirase]

[References] | FO | International Federation of Free Trade Unions | French General Confederation of Labor

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランスの労働運動指導者。パリに生まれる。父と同じマッチ製造工として早くから労働運動に身を投じた。革命的サンジカリストとして出発した彼は、労働総同盟(CGT)で活動し1909年から1947年まで実に38年間その書記長を務めた。その間、第一次世界大戦に際して政府協力政策を採用して以来、改良主義と政党からの組合の独立との2点で一貫した立場をとったため、これに不満な少数派は1921年統一労働総同盟(CGTU)を結成した。人民戦線運動の進展の下に1936年CGTとCGTUは統一を回復し、ジュオーはブルム内閣に入閣こそしなかったが、黒幕的存在であった。第二次世界大戦後の1947年にCGTの共産主義的傾向に反対して「労働総同盟・労働者の力(FO。CGT‐FOともいう)」を結成し、書記長となった。1949年、国際自由労連の創設者の一人となり、1951年、ノーベル平和賞を受賞した。

[平瀬徹也]

[参照項目] | FO | 国際自由労連 | フランス労働総同盟

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