British and North American Royal Mail Steam Pack

…In the mid-19th century, Britain accounted for one-quarter of the world's trade, and British shipping dominated the world. In 1840, the British and North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (now Cunard Steamship) began regular transatlantic service, and in 1842, the P&O Steamship Company launched a steamship to Calcutta, India, via the Mediterranean and the Isthmus of Suez. However, early steamships had low-power propulsion engines and the cost of fuel coal was high, so in the mid-19th century, sailing ships reached their highest technological development in America and Britain, where large, fast sailing ships such as schooners and clippers were widely used, and the transition from sailing ships to steamships proceeded slowly. …

*Some of the terminology referenced in "British and North American Royal Mail Steam Pack" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…19世紀半ば，イギリスは世界貿易額の4分の1を占め，イギリスの海運は世界を支配した。1840年イギリスの〈イギリス･北アメリカ郵便輸送特許汽船会社British and North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company〉(現，キュナード汽船)が大西洋横断定期便を，42年〈P&O汽船〉が地中海･スエズ地峡経由でインドのカルカッタへ汽船を就航させた。しかし初期の汽船の推進機関は出力が弱く，燃料炭の費用も高くついたので，19世紀中葉アメリカ，イギリスで帆船は技術的に最高の発展をとげ，スクーナー船やクリッパー型の大型快速帆船が盛んに使用され，帆船から汽船への移行は緩やかに進行した。…

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