Group instruction - shudanshido

Japanese: 集団指導 - しゅうだんしどう
Group instruction - shudanshido

A political term that indicates the collective nature of leadership in communist parties. It was used in contrast to personality cult, as a combination of collective leadership and individual responsibility. Communist parties generally adopt the organizational principle of democratic centralism, and its emphasis on centralism is likely to lead to the concentration of power in the leadership, such as "unconditional implementation of decisions by higher-ups by lower-ups," "iron discipline," and "monolithic unity." As was typically seen in the Stalin era, there was an inherent tendency for the supreme leader to seize absolute authority and form a personality cult. Under such organizational principles, collective leadership suppresses the concentration of leadership in one individual or group, and aims to minimize political errors by pooling the collective wisdom and experience of the entire leadership, and accumulating criticism and self-criticism. It is said that Lenin emphasized this, but it became meaningless during the Stalin era, and was restored as a collegial system under the Khrushchev administration after Stalin's criticism.

[Tetsuro Kato]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

共産主義政党において指導の集団的あり方を示した政治用語。個人崇拝と対置して、集団指導と個人責任制の結合、などとして用いられた。一般に共産主義政党は、民主集中制とよばれる組織原則をとり、その中央集権制の強調は、「上級の決定の下級における無条件的実行」「鉄の規律」「一枚岩的団結」などとして指導部への権力集中を招きやすく、スターリン時代に典型的にみられるように、最高指導者の絶対的権限掌握、個人崇拝に結び付く傾向を内在していた。集団指導は、このような組織原則のもとで、一個人ないしグループへの指導の集中を抑制し、指導部全体の集団的英知と経験の結集、批判と自己批判の積み重ねにより政治的誤りを最小限にとどめようとしたものである。レーニンがこれを強調したとされるが、スターリン時代に有名無実のものとなり、スターリン批判後ふたたびフルシチョフ政権下の合議制として復権した。

[加藤哲郎]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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