Liberal theology

Japanese: 自由主義神学 - じゆうしゅぎしんがく(英語表記)liberal theology
Liberal theology
Also called modern theology. A position in Christian theological thought. It seeks to explore theology based on the subjective judgment of humans, not on external authorities such as the Bible, the church, or tradition. It can be seen in the ancient church as early as the ancient church, but as a major trend, it began in the theology of the Enlightenment in the 17th century and reached its peak with Schleiermacher. Under the Romantic thought of the 18th and 19th centuries, the individual's uniqueness was elevated, and the theory of faith was emphasized instead of dogmatic theory. From the second half of the 19th century, under A. Ritschl and the Ritschl school that followed him, historical perspectives and progress were emphasized, influenced by evolutionary theory, and the development of doctrine was discussed. Harnack and the school of religious history, including Troeltsch, are representative of this. Dialectical theology in the first half of the 20th century started from a criticism of liberal theology, but there are differences between K. Barth, who completely rejected it, E. Brunner, F. Gogarten, and R. Bultmann, who advocated demythologization. H. Cox's secularization and Altizer's theology of the death of God can also be said to be part of this trend.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
近代神学ともいう。キリスト教神学思潮の一立場。聖書,教会,伝統などの外的権威によらず,人間の主体的な判断に基づいて神学を探究していこうとする。古くは古代教会にもみられるが,大きな流れとしては 17世紀の啓蒙期の神学に始り,シュライエルマッハーにおいて頂点に達した。 18~19世紀のロマン主義思潮のもとで,個人の独自性が高揚され,教義学に代って信仰論が強調された。 19世紀後半からは A.リッチュルやその流れをくむリッチュル学派のもとに,進化論などの影響もあり,歴史的観点と進歩が強調され,教義の発展が論じられた。ハルナック,さらにトレルチなど宗教史学派がその代表である。 20世紀前半の弁証法神学は自由主義神学批判から出発したが,それを全面的に否定する K.バルトと E.ブルンナー,F.ゴーガルテン,非神話化論を唱えた R.ブルトマンらの間には相違がみられる。 H.コックスの世俗化,アルタイザーの神の死の神学もこの流れにあるといえよう。

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