Film director. Born March 31, 1932 in Yoshida-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City. After graduating from the Faculty of Law at Kyoto University, he joined Shochiku as an assistant director and released his first film, A Town of Love and Hope, in 1959 (Showa 34). The following year, 1960, he became a leader of a new wave of Japanese films (Shochiku Nouvelle Vague) with the success of Cruel Tales of Youth and The Graveyard of the Sun. Riding on this momentum, he produced Night and Fog in Japan. This was an unprecedented political film in which left-wing youth, both old and new, engaged in a heated debate about the Japan-US security issue, the biggest political issue of the year. During the screening of this film, the assassination of Socialist Party Chairman Asanuma Inejiro occurred, and Shochiku immediately canceled screenings of the film. The reason given was that there were no audiences, but Oshima Nagisa protested to Shochiku, suspecting that there had been political pressure behind the scenes due to the unrest. As a result of this incident, the following year Nagisa Oshima and those who sympathized with him left Shochiku and founded the independent production company Sozosha. Since then, even in the midst of a tough situation in which the film industry itself was in decline, Oshima has continued to lead the way in new movements in Japanese cinema by coming up with one innovation after another, such as television programs, low-budget art films by the Art Theatre Guild, and even international film productions with foreign capital. First, in the case of television documentaries, he made The Forgotten Imperial Army (1963), a poignant indictment of the Japanese conscience, based on his discovery that many of the disabled veterans begging on the streets were Korean residents of Japan, and therefore were people who could not receive compensation from either the Japanese or Korean governments. In film, he made Death by Hanging (1968), an avant-garde film that denounced the death penalty system by taking advantage of a low budget and using avant-garde techniques, which earned him international attention. In 1976, In the Realm of the Senses was a major work made by developing and editing sexually explicit film in France, the country of investment, which could not be developed in Japan, even though it was possible to shoot it. It was said to be the first pornographic film to be highly acclaimed artistically, and was a huge hit worldwide. He also made other outstanding films, such as Violence at Noon (1966), Boy (1969), The Ritual (1971), and Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence (1983), and each one garnered international attention. Died on January 15, 2013. [Tadao Sato] Documents List of Director's Works Tomorrow's Sun [Short Story] (1959) "Oshima Nagisa," edited by Tanaka Chiyoko (1999, Kinema Junposha)" ▽ "Human Records 137: Oshima Nagisa -- Oshima Nagisa 1960," by Oshima Nagisa (2001, Japan Library Center)" ▽ "All About Oshima Nagisa," by Higuchi Naofumi (2002, Kinema Junposha)" ▽ "Oshima Nagisa Collected Works," edited by Yohota Inuhiko et al., 4 volumes (2008, 2009, Gendai Shicho Shinsha)" ▽ "Oshima Nagisa and Japan," by Yohota Inuhiko (2010, Chikuma Shobo)" ▽ "The World of Oshima Nagisa," by Sato Tadao (Asahi Bunko) [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
映画監督。昭和7年3月31日、京都市左京区吉田町に生まれる。京都大学法学部卒業後、松竹に助監督として入社、1959年(昭和34)に監督第一作『愛と希望の街』を発表。翌1960年には、『青春残酷物語』と『太陽の墓場』のヒットにより日本映画の新しい波(松竹ヌーベルバーグ)のリーダーとなる。この勢いに乗って、『日本の夜と霧』を製作。これは新旧両派の左翼青年たちが、その年の最大の政治問題だった日米安全保障問題について激論を闘わせるという、かつてない政治映画であった。この作品の公開中に社会党委員長浅沼稲次郎の暗殺事件が起こり、松竹はこの作品の上映をただちに中止した。理由は観客が来ないからということであったが、大島渚は、不穏な事態のため裏で政治的な圧力があったのではないかと、松竹に抗議した。この事件で対立したことがもとで、翌年には大島渚と彼に同調する人々は松竹を辞め、独立プロダクション創造社を設立する。以後、映画産業自体が衰退する厳しい状況のなかで、テレビ番組やアート・シアター・ギルドの低予算芸術映画、さらには外国資本による国際的な映画製作など、次々に新機軸を打ち出すことで、日本映画の新しい動きの先頭に立ち続けた。 まず、テレビのドキュメンタリーでは、街頭で物ごいをしている傷痍(しょうい)軍人の多くが在日朝鮮人であり、そのために日本政府からも韓国政府からも保障を得られない人々であるという発見から、日本人の良心を痛切に告発する『忘れられた皇軍』(1963)を発表。映画では、低予算を逆手にとった前衛的な手法により、死刑制度を弾劾する『絞死刑』(1968)をつくって、国際的に注目される存在になった。1976年の『愛のコリーダ』は、日本では撮影はできても現像ができない性表現のあるフィルムを、出資国のフランスで現像編集するという方法で製作した大作で、芸術的に高く評価された最初のポルノ映画といわれ、世界的に大ヒットした。ほかにも、『白昼の通り魔』(1966)、『少年』(1969)、『儀式』(1971)、『戦場のメリークリスマス』(1983)などの傑出した映画をつくり、一作ごとに国際的に注目された。平成25年1月15日没。 [佐藤忠男] 資料 監督作品一覧明日の太陽[短篇](1959) 『田中千世子編『大島渚』(1999・キネマ旬報社)』▽『大島渚著『人間の記録137 大島渚――大島渚1960』(2001・日本図書センター)』▽『樋口尚文著『大島渚のすべて』(2002・キネマ旬報社)』▽『四方田犬彦他編『大島渚著作集』全4巻(2008、2009・現代思潮新社)』▽『四方田犬彦著『大島渚と日本』(2010・筑摩書房)』▽『佐藤忠男著『大島渚の世界』(朝日文庫)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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