The Ten Kings (English: shi-wang-tu)

Japanese: 十王図 - じゅうおうず（英語表記）shi-wang-tu

A depiction of the ten kings of the underworld described in the Sutra of the Ten Kings. It is said to have been created in China during the Five Dynasties or early Song Dynasty, beginning in Dunhuang. Most are picture scrolls or ten hanging scrolls, but some are composed of 11 scrolls including Jizo, and some are mandalas in one scroll, as in Goryeo Buddhist paintings. Many of the extant works were produced in Buddhist painter's studios in Ningbo with the popularity of Buddhist painting in the Song Dynasty, and some bear the signatures of painters whose backgrounds are unknown, including Lu Xunzhong. Many Chinese Ten Kings paintings were brought to Japan after the Kamakura period, and many were produced in Japan with the popularity of Pure Land Buddhism. Representative works include the Ten Kings by the Jinshu School (Metropolitan Museum of Art) and the Ten Kings by Lu Xunzhong (Eigenji Temple and others).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

『十王経』所説の冥界の 10人の王を描いた図像。中国，五代，宋初成立といわれ，敦煌に始る。多くは絵巻または 10幅の掛幅より成るが，地蔵を加えた 11幅構成もあり，高麗仏画のように1幅にまとめた曼荼羅形式もある。現存するものは宋代仏画の盛行とともに寧波の仏画師工房で制作されたものが多く，陸信忠をはじめ経歴不明な仏画師の落款 (らっかん) のものがある。中国の十王図は鎌倉時代以降日本に多く将来され，浄土教信仰の盛行とともに日本でも多数制作された。代表作は金処士派作『十王図』 (メトロポリタン美術館) ，陸信忠作『十王図』 (永源寺ほか) 。

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