Italian politician. He studied law at the University of Padua. While active in the Venetian legal profession, he continued to campaign against Austrian rule and was arrested in January 1848. He was released by the Venetian people who rose up under the influence of the revolutions in Vienna and Milan, and was elected president of the Republic of San Marco (1848), which was established after the withdrawal of the Austrian troops. He advocated Italian unification based on republicanism and federalism. However, during the height of the First Italian War of Independence movement led by Carlo Alberto, he advocated the annexation of Venice to the Kingdom of Sardinia, despite much opposition. After the Kingdom of Sardinia was defeated in the war and withdrew from the unification movement, the Venetian Republic led by Manin continued to fight against Austria, becoming the last stronghold of the "Revolution of 1848" in Europe. After the collapse of the Republic, he went into exile in Paris, and during the Crimean War he supported the movement led by the Kingdom of Sardinia, but he was fundamentally a supporter of republicanism. [Fusatoshi Fujisawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリアの政治家。パドバ大学で法律を学んだ。ベネチアの法曹界で活躍する一方で、オーストリア支配に反抗する運動を続け、1848年1月に逮捕された。ウィーンやミラノの革命の影響を受けて決起したベネチア民衆に解放され、オーストリア軍撤退後に誕生したサン・マルコ共和国の大統領に選出され(1848)、共和主義・連邦主義に基づくイタリア統一を主張。ただ、カルロ・アルベルトを中心とする第一次イタリア独立戦争時の運動の高揚期には、多くの反対があったにもかかわらずサルデーニャ王国へのベネチア併合を主張した。サルデーニャ王国が独立戦争で敗北し、統一運動から離脱したのち、マニンの指導するベネチア共和国はオーストリアとの戦いを続け、ヨーロッパの「一八四八年の革命」の最後の砦(とりで)となった。共和国崩壊後パリに亡命し、クリミア戦争期にはサルデーニャ王国を中心とする運動を支持したが、基本的には共和主義信奉者であった。 [藤澤房俊] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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