Vertical and horizontal house - Juouka

Japanese: 縦横家 - じゅうおうか

One of the Hundred Schools of Thought in the Warring States Period (Spring and Autumn Period) of China. Unlike other schools, it did not have a set doctrine or beliefs, but was a collective name for strategists who used their eloquence and ambition to play a major role in diplomatic negotiations between the rulers of various countries during the Warring States Period, and therefore did not make any significant contributions to the history of thought. The most famous are Su Qin (? - 317 BC) and Zhang Yi (? - 310 or 309 BC). At the end of the Warring States Period, when the Seven Kingdoms (the Seven Warring States) rose to power, Su Qin proposed that the six eastern countries other than Qin form a vertical (north-south) alliance against Qin (this was called an alliance). Meanwhile, Zhang Yi discussed a strategy of linking Qin in the west with the six eastern countries individually (east-west) and then absorbing them into Qin. The name "Vertical and Horizontal School" arose from this strategy of alliances. The fame of these two men gave rise to many strategists who followed their style, traveling between countries or serving their respective lords and engaging in political scheming. However, the Six Kingdoms began to decline amidst this diplomatic maneuvering, and eventually were unified by Qin Shi Huang (221 BC). As a result, strategists began to exclude each other and lost the stage on which they could flourish.
→ Related items Consolidation | Su Qin | Zhang Yi

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

中国，戦国時代（春秋戦国時代）の諸子百家の一つ。他の諸派のような一定の主義・主張を持つものではなく，弁舌と野望をもって戦国時代の各国君主の外交的駆け引きに奔走した策士たちの総称であるから，思想史上にみるべき貢献をしたものではない。最も有名なのは蘇秦〔？-前317〕と張儀〔？-前310か前309〕である。戦国末に七国（戦国の七雄）が台頭した時期にあたり，蘇秦は秦以外の東方の六国にむけて，秦に対抗して縦（南北）に同盟する（これを合従(がっしょう)という）ことを提案した。一方，張儀は西の秦と東方の六国を横（東西）に個々に連ね（これを連衡という），やがて秦に吸収する策を論じた。この合従連衡策にちなんで縦横家の呼び名が生じた。この２人の名声によって，その流儀に従う策士が輩出し，諸国間を往来して，あるいは君主に仕えて権謀術数を尽くしたが，六国はこうした外交的駆け引きのなかで衰退にむかって秦の始皇帝による統一（前221年）にいたり，策士たちも互いに排斥しあうなどして活躍の舞台を失っていった。
→関連項目合従連衡｜蘇秦｜張儀

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