In Indian languages, it means "self-rule." Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire, described an independent Hindu state that opposed the Mughal Empire as swarajya, but in modern Indian history, it generally means "national independence." It was put forward as a political slogan by Tilak and others in the struggle against the partition of Bengal that began in 1905, and was officially adopted as a political goal for the first time at the Calcutta Congress of the Indian National Congress the following year. It was temporarily replaced by the English term "home rule," but in 1927, during the Simon Commission boycott movement, the goal of the Indian National Congress was defined as "purna swaraj" (complete independence), and the Lahore Congress of the Indian National Congress in 1929 also rejected "dominion status" and adopted purna swaraj as its political goal. [Masao Naito] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
インド諸語で「自己の支配」を意味する。マラータ王国の創始者シバージーは、ムガル帝国に対抗するヒンドゥーの独立国家をスワラージャと表現したが、近現代インド史では広く「民族の独立」を意味する。1905年からのベンガル分割反対闘争のなかでティラクらが政治スローガンとして打ち出し、翌年の国民会議派カルカッタ大会で、初めて公式に政治目標として採択された。一時英語の「ホーム・ルール」にとってかわられるが、27年にはサイモン委員会ボイコット運動のなかで国民会議派の目標が「プールナ・スワラージ」(完全独立)と規定され、29年の国民会議派ラホール大会でも「自治領地位」を否定し、このプールナ・スワラージを政治目標として採択した。 [内藤雅雄] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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