Xie Lingyun - Shareiun

A poet from the Southern Song Dynasty in China. Born in Yangxia, Chen County (Henan Province). Unusually, he had no given name. He was from the aristocratic Xie family. Xie An, a famous prime minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was his great-grandfather's younger brother, and his grandfather was Xie Xuan, who defeated Fu Jian of Former Qin at the Fei River. He inherited the title of Duke of Kangle from Xie Xuan, so he is also called Xie Kangle. After Xie Xuan's death, his cousin Xie Huan took over the leadership of the family. At the Xie family's residence in Wuyixiang, Jiankang (Nanjing), Xie Huan would often gather his younger children and nieces, including Xie Lingyun, for literary exchanges. This is known as the "Women's Play." However, during the transition from the Jin to the Song dynasty, Xie Huan misjudged the situation and was killed by Liu Yu (Emperor Wu of the Song), and Xie Lingyun, who was close to Xie Huan, suddenly found himself in a complicated position, and even after the establishment of the Song dynasty, he had to resign himself to political misfortune.

A tendency towards describing nature can already be seen in Xie Huan's poetry, but when Xie Lingyun was demoted to the governorship of Kuaiji and Yongjia in Zhejiang Province, he found solace in the beauty of nature and recreated the beauty of mountains and rivers in his poetry. In particular, it was a major revolution in that it dispelled the view of nature that had been dominated by Laozi and Zhuangzi metaphysics up until that point, making it possible to see nature as an object of beauty. He discovered the beauty of nature and was a devout believer in Buddhism, but his arrogant nature led to him being suspected of treason and executed. Most of his poems are included in the Wen Xuan, and one of his best known works is "Climbing the Solitary Island in the Middle of the River."

[Tetsuo Naruse]

"Chinese Poets 3: Xie Lingyun" by Funatsu Tomihiko (1983, Shueisha)" ▽ "Xie Lingyun - The Lonely Landscape Poet" by Oobi Koichi (1983, Kiko Shoin)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、南朝宋(そう)の詩人。陳郡陽夏（河南省）の人。例外的だが字(あざな)はない。門閥貴族謝氏の出身。東晋(とうしん)の名宰相謝安は曽祖父(そうそふ)の弟にあたり、祖父は前秦(しん)の苻堅(ふけん)を淝水(ひすい)で破った謝玄である。康楽公に封ぜられた謝玄の爵位を継いだので、謝康楽ともよばれる。謝玄なきあと、一族を指導したのは、従叔(じゅうしゅく)の謝混である。当時建康（南京(ナンキン)）の烏衣巷(ういこう)にあった謝氏の邸(やしき)で、謝混はしばしば謝霊運ら年少の子姪(してつ)を集め、文遊した。世に「烏衣の遊び」という。だが晋宋王朝交代期に状勢判断を誤って謝混が劉裕(りゅうゆう)（宋の武帝）に殺されると、謝混に近かった謝霊運の立場はにわかに複雑なものとなり、宋王朝成立後も、政治的不遇に甘んじなければならなかった。

　すでに謝混の詩において自然描写の傾向が認められるが、浙江(せっこう)省の会稽(かいけい)や永嘉(えいか)の太守に左遷された謝霊運は、その不満を美しい自然に慰め、山水の美を詩のなかに再現した。とりわけ、それまでの老荘的形而上(けいじじょう)学に支配された自然観を払拭(ふっしょく)し、自然を美の対象としてみることを可能にしたのは、大きな変革である。自然の美を発見し、また仏教を厚く信じたが、傲慢(ごうまん)な性格から反逆を疑われ、処刑された。『文選』にもっとも多くその詩がとられており、「江中の孤嶼に登る」などが代表作。

［成瀬哲生］

『船津富彦著『中国の詩人3　謝霊運』（1983・集英社）』▽『小尾郊一著『謝霊運――孤独の山水詩人』（1983・汲古書院）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例