Pantomimus

Japanese: pantomimus
Pantomimus


[Prehistory of pantomime]
The word pantomime can be traced back to its origin as pantomimos, a compound word of the ancient Greek words pantōs (all) and mimos (mimicry), and the word itself can be found in many ancient Greek documents. However, as is well known, such "mimicry" or what might be called "magical imitation" is an important component that can be found in almost all of the "primitive forms" of theater in general, and although it is true that in ancient Greece there was a type of entertainment-based gimmick (also called "mimos plays" in theater history) that focused on "mimicry," as expressed by the word mimos (or pantomimos) mentioned above, it cannot be said that it was an independent performing art genre that is related to today's pantomime, and in theater history the origin of pantomime is usually traced back to the ancient Roman pantomimus. Compared to the Greek acrobatics mentioned above, the pantomimes was a genre of performing arts in which the elements of mimicry and gestures were particularly highlighted and emphasized. From around the time of Christ until the beginning of the 5th century, despite the moral condemnation of the Christian church for its vulgarity and the prohibition by Emperor Trajan, it was very popular among the people of ancient Rome, and excellent pantomime performers such as Pylades and Bathyllus appeared.

From Roman Theatre

...Actresses appeared in very few plays, except in mimus plays and later comedies.
[The future of Roman theater]
Literary plays gradually declined, but mime plays and pantomimus plays (silent plays without dialogue, which continued to live on as folk arts and gave rise to today's pantomime) continued to provide entertainment for the masses for some time.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "pantomimus" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


[パントマイム前史]
 pantomimeという言葉は,その語源をさかのぼれば,古代ギリシア語のpantōs(すべて(に))とmimos(ものまね)の合成語pantomimosであり,この言葉自体は古代ギリシアの多くの文献に見ることができる。しかし,このような〈ものまね〉あるいは〈呪術的模倣所作〉とでも称すべきものは,周知のように,演劇一般の〈始源的形態〉にほぼ共通して見ることができる重要な一構成要素であり,そのようなものの一種として,古代ギリシアにおいては先のmimos(あるいはpantomimos)という言葉で表現される〈ものまね〉を中心とした座興的な雑芸(これを演劇史で〈ミモス劇〉などとも呼ぶ)が行われていたことは事実であるにせよ,それが今日のパントマイムに通じる一つの独立した芸能ジャンルであったとは言いがたく,演劇史では,ふつうパントマイムの起源を,古代ローマのパントミムスpantomimusに求めることが行われている。このパントミムスは,ギリシア期における前記の雑芸と比較するならば,その〈ものまね・身ぶり〉的要素が特に取り出されまた強調されて,一つの芸能ジャンルとなったものであり,紀元前後からおよそ5世紀の初めに至るまで,その卑俗性に対するキリスト教会の〈道徳的非難〉やトラヤヌス帝による禁止令等があったにもかかわらず,古代ローマの人々には大いに愛好されて,ピュラデスPyladesやバテュルスBathyllusをはじめとする優れたパントミムス俳優もあらわれた。…

【ローマ演劇】より

…女優が登場するのはミムスmimus劇(ものまね芝居)やきわめて後の喜劇ぐらいで,ごく限られたものであった。
[ローマ演劇のその後]
 文学的な芝居は徐々に衰微していったが,ミムス劇やパントミムスpantomimus劇(せりふをまったくなくした黙劇。民衆的な雑芸として生き続け,今日のパントマイムにつながる)などはなおしばらく大衆の娯楽として続いた。…

※「pantomimus」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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