Alonso, Alicia

Japanese: アロンソ(英語表記)Alonso, Alicia
Alonso, Alicia
Born: December 21, 1920, Havana
[Died] October 17, 2019. Cuban ballerina. She studied flamenco in Spain as a child, and studied ballet in Havana after returning to Cuba. In 1937, she followed her future husband Fernando (divorced in the mid-1970s) to the United States and enrolled in the School of American Ballet in New York. After a short break to give birth, she made her stage debut in 1938, and in 1939 joined the Ballet Caravan led by George Balanchine. In 1940, she transferred to the newly established Ballet Theatre (→American Ballet Theatre), left the company due to poor eyesight, but returned in 1943 and played the lead role in Giselle. She then performed in various places with Igor Youskevich, and in 1948 founded the Alicia Alonso Ballet Company (renamed Ballet de Cuba in 1955, ceased activities in 1956) in Cuba with her husband and others, and was also active as a choreographer. As a ballerina, she danced with Ballets Russes de Monte Carlo and other companies from 1955 to 1959. After the Cuban Revolution in 1959, she organized the successor to her own ballet company, the National Ballet of Cuba, and continued to dance while serving as its director. She retired from ballerinaship in 1995. In addition to Giselle, she was especially highly praised for Carmen Suite (→Carmen), choreographed by her brother-in-law Alberto. In 1999, she was awarded the Pablo Picasso Medal by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

Alonso
Alonso, Dámaso

Born: October 22, 1898, Madrid
[Died] January 24, 1990, Madrid. Spanish poet and critic. Professor at the Faculty of Literature, University of Madrid. He made his debut on the poetry scene with Poemas puros (1921), and published other collections such as Hijos de la ira (44) and Hombre y Dios (55), which movingly sang of the agony of existence and the relationship with God. He was also famous as a researcher of Spanish poetry, especially Góngora y Argote, and his Poesía española (51), which pointed out the limitations of Saussurean linguistics in poetry, is highly regarded among Western researchers.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1920.12.21. ハバナ
[没]2019.10.17. ハバナ
キューバのバレリーナ。幼少期にスペインでフラメンコを学び,帰国後ハバナでバレエを習う。1937年,のちに夫となるフェルナンド(1970年代半ばに離婚)を追ってアメリカ合衆国に渡り,ニューヨークのアメリカン・バレエ学校に入学。出産のため短期間休んだのち,1938年に舞台デビュー,1939年にジョージ・バランシン率いるバレエ・キャラバンに参加する。1940年設立間もないバレエ・シアター(→アメリカン・バレエ・シアター)に移籍,視力低下のためいったん退団したが 1943年に復帰し,『ジゼル』で主役を務める。その後イゴール・ユースケビッチと組んで各地で公演し,1948年夫らとともにアリシア・アロンソ・バレエ団(1955バレエ・デ・クーバに改称,1956活動停止)をキューバに創設,振付家としても活躍する。バレリーナとしては 1955~59年にバレエ・リュス・ド・モンテカルロなどで踊った。1959年のキューバ革命後は,自身のバレエ団の後身となるキューバ国立バレエ団を組織し,監督を務めるかたわら踊り続けた。1995年バレリーナを引退。『ジゼル』のほか,義弟アルベルト振り付けの『カルメン組曲』(→カルメン)で特に高い評価を得た。1999年国際連合教育科学文化機関 UNESCOのパブロ・ピカソ・メダル受章。

アロンソ
Alonso, Dámaso

[生]1898.10.22. マドリード
[没]1990.1.24. マドリード
スペインの詩人,評論家。マドリード大学文学部教授。『純粋詩集』 Poemas puros (1921) で詩壇に登場,『怒りの子ら』 Hijos de la ira (44) や『人と神』 Hombre y Dios (55) などの詩集を出し,実存の苦悶と神の関係を感動的に歌った。スペイン詩,特にゴンゴラ・イ・アルゴテの研究家としても名高く,ソシュール言語学の詩における限界を指摘した『スペイン詩考』 Poesía española (51) は欧米の研究者の間でも高く評価されている。

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