Water in the soil rises through the gaps between the soil particles, reaches the ground, and cools there to become ice. Because it is water underground that freezes, its origin is completely different from frost, which is water vapor in the air that freezes. Water rises through the soil due to capillary action in the gaps between the soil particles, and the ice gradually grows upwards from the bottom, forming ice pillars. Icicles stand almost vertically, and can sometimes exceed 10 centimeters in length. Frost pillars form when the temperature on the ground's surface falls below 0°C. Furthermore, the temperature underground must be above 0°C. This is because water needs to rise by capillary action. They may or may not form depending on the type of soil. Generally, they do not form in sandy or clay soils, but are more likely to form in the red soil that is common in the Kanto region. Frost pillars can kill crops, and when they melt, they cause severe mud. [Masaji Ota] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
土の中の水が土の粒子のすきまを通って上昇して地面に達し、そこで冷えて氷となったもの。地中の水が凍結したものであるから、空気中の水蒸気が凍った霜とはまったく成因が異なる。水が土の中を上昇するのは、土の粒子のすきまの毛管作用によるもので、氷は下方からだんだん上方へ伸びてゆき、氷の柱となる。氷柱はほぼ鉛直に立ち、その長さはときには10センチメートルを超える。 霜柱が発生するのは、地表面の温度が0℃以下の場合である。しかも地中の温度は0℃以上でなければならない。水が毛管作用で上昇することが必要であるからである。土質によって、できたり、できなかったりする。一般に砂地や粘土にはできにくく、関東地方に多い赤土にはできやすい。霜柱は農作物を枯らすことがあり、また霜柱が融(と)けると、ひどいぬかるみをおこす。 [大田正次] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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