Treaty of Shimoda

A foreign treaty concluded in Shimoda, Izu during the late Edo period.

(1) An appendix to the Treaty of Peace and Amity between the United States and Japan (Kanagawa Treaty) concluded in March 1854 (Kaei 7). It was signed with American envoy Perry in May of the same year. It consisted of 13 articles, and in conjunction with the opening of the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate based on the Treaty of Peace and Amity, it stipulated the establishment of promenade areas, rest areas for foreigners, and other detailed rules for the use of the open ports.

(2) An agreement concluded in May 1857 (Ansei 4) between the Shimoda Magistrate and American Consul General Harris. It is also called the Japan-US Agreement. It stipulated the exchange of the same kind and amount of the currencies of both countries, the right of Americans to reside in Shimoda and Hakodate, consular jurisdiction, and the right of the Consul General to directly purchase goods. This agreement, which included unilateral and unequal provisions such as foreigners' residence in both ports and consular jurisdiction, was the forerunner of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan concluded in June of the following year.

(3) Following the Treaty of Peace and Amity between the United States and Japan, the Treaty of Amity between Japan and Russia, concluded in December 1854 (Ansei 1) with Russian envoy Putyatin, was also called the Treaty of Shimoda. It stipulated the opening of the ports of Hakodate, Shimoda, and Nagasaki, border agreements, consular jurisdiction, etc.

[Minoru Tada]

Compiled and published by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Treaty Bureau: Compilation of Old Treaties, 3 volumes, 4 books (1930-36)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

幕末期、伊豆下田において締結された対外条約。

(1)1854年（嘉永7）3月に締結された日米和親条約（神奈川条約）の付録協定。同年5月にアメリカ使節ペリーとの間で調印。13か条からなり、和親条約に基づく下田・箱館(はこだて)の開港に伴い、遊歩区域、外人休息所の設定、その他開港場の使用細則などを定めた。

(2)1857年（安政4）5月下田奉行(ぶぎょう)とアメリカ総領事ハリスとの間に締結された協約。日米約定ともいう。両国貨幣の同種同量交換、アメリカ人の下田・箱館居住権、領事裁判権、総領事の商品直接購入権などを定めた。両港への外人居住、領事裁判権など片務的な不平等条項を含むこの協約は、翌年6月締結の日米修好通商条約の先駆をなす。

(3)日米和親条約に続き、1854年（安政1）12月にロシア使節プチャーチンとの間に締結された日露通好条約を下田条約とよぶこともある。箱館・下田・長崎の開港、国境協定、領事裁判権などを定めた。

［多田　実］

『外務省条約局編・刊『旧条約彙纂』全3巻4冊（1930～36）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例