Ethnocentrism

Japanese: 自民族中心主義 - じみんぞくちゅうしんしゅぎ

A translation of ethnocentrism. The act of judging the superiority or inferiority of various cultures by using the culture of one's own ethnic group as an absolute standard. Social Darwinism, prominent in Western Europe in the 19th century, postulated that Western culture was the most superior, at the pinnacle of human evolution, and that non-Western cultures were inferior and at a later stage, but this was later rejected as ethnocentrism. The difficulty with ethnocentrism is that it does not pay attention to the function and meaning that individual customs have within the context of the culture as a whole. It also often leads to the exclusion of what is different and bad feelings. →Cultural relativism/Orientalism →Related topics Sinocentrism | Nationalism

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

エスノセントリズムethnocentrismの訳。自分が属している民族の文化を絶対的な基準として諸文化の優劣や良し悪しを判断すること。19世紀の西欧に顕著な社会ダーウィニズムは，西欧文化は人類進化の頂点に位置するもっとも優れたもの，非西欧の文化は遅れた段階にある劣ったものと前提したが，後に自民族中心主義として否定された。自民族中心主義の難点は，個々の慣習が当該文化全体の脈絡で担う機能や意味に注意を払わぬことである。またそれは，異質なものの排除や悪感情を往々にして伴う。→文化相対主義／オリエンタリズム
→関連項目中華思想｜ナショナリズム

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