Peace of Aachen - Aachen no wayaku

Japanese: アーヘンの和約 - あーへんのわやく
Peace of Aachen - Aachen no wayaku

This refers to the following peace treaty made in the German city of Aachen (French name: Aix-la-Chapelle).

(1) Treaty of 1668 ending the Flanders War, one of the wars of aggression waged by Louis XIV. Louis XIV invaded the Netherlands, formerly the Duchy of Burgundy, under the Spanish Habsburgs, to claim its inheritance, but was counterattacked by England and the Netherlands, leading to a peace treaty. He returned the Franche-Comté he had occupied and gained a few Flemish cities, including Lille, but the inheritance issue was not resolved. England gained territorial claims to the West Indies and North America from Spain.

(2) Peace treaty of 1748 as the conclusion of the War of the Austrian Succession. The war began in 1740 as a direct result of the claim of the Bavarian Elector to inherit the title of Maria Theresa and the claim of King Frederick II of Prussia to control Silesia, but the war developed on an international scale due to the intervention of Britain and France, which had been at odds since the 17th century. Even after Prussia secured Silesia in 1745 and made peace with Dresden, recognizing the election of Emperor Francis I, the fighting between the Bourbon Union of France and Spain and the British-Austrian Alliance continued. However, the decisive factor was the dispatch of troops by Russia, which had allied with Austria, to the Dutch front, which led to this peace treaty. Each country involved returned its occupied territories, and Austria only lost Silesia and Parma and Piacenza in Italy, but the result was decisive in terms of Britain's global dominance, the rise of Prussia and Germany, and the rise of Russia.

[Makio Shindo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの都市アーヘン(フランス名、エクス・ラ・シャペル)で結ばれた次の和約をさす。

(1)1668年の、ルイ14世の侵略戦争の一つフランドル戦争終結の和約。ルイ14世はスペイン・ハプスブルク家の旧ブルグント公領ネーデルラントの相続を要求して侵入したが、イギリス、オランダの反撃にあい和を結んだ。占領したフランシュ・コンテを返還し、リールなどわずかなフランドル諸都市を得たが、相続問題は解決しなかった。イギリスはスペインから西インド諸島、北アメリカの領土要求権を得た。

(2)1748年の、オーストリア継承戦争の結末としての和約。マリア・テレジアの相続をめぐり、バイエルン選帝侯の相続権主張とプロイセン王フリードリヒ2世のシュレージエン領有の要求を直接の契機として開戦した(1740)が、戦争は17世紀以来対立する英仏両国の介入によって国際的規模で展開した。1745年プロイセンがシュレージエンを確保し、皇帝フランツ1世の選立を認めてドレスデンに和を結んだのちも、フランス・スペインのブルボン連合とイギリス・オーストリア同盟との戦いは続いた。しかしオーストリアと結んだロシアのネーデルラント戦線への出兵が決定的となり、この和約となった。関係各国は占領地をそれぞれ返還し、オーストリアはシュレージエンのほかわずかにイタリアのパルマ、ピアチェンツァを失ったにすぎなかったが、イギリスの世界的優位、プロイセン・ドイツの興隆、ロシアの台頭を決定的にする結果を招いた。

[進藤牧郎]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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